A child has a platelet count of 45,000/mm3 with petechiae and excessive bruising covering his body. ...

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Excessive bruising and petechiae, especially involving the mucous membranes and gums in a child who is otherwise healthy, are the clinical manifestations of ITP, resulting from decreased platelets. The etiology of ITP is unknown, but it is considered to be an autoimmune process. The clinical manifestations of erythroblastopenia are pallor, lethargy, headache, fainting, and a history of upper respiratory infection. The clinical manifestations of von Willebrand's disease are bleeding from the gums or nose, prolonged bleeding from cuts, and excessive bleeding after surgery or trauma. Bleeding is the clinical manifestation of hemophilia and results from a deficiency of normal factor activity necessary to produce blood clotting.