Fluid, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance: Acid-Base Homeostasis
1. List the three important buffer systems in the body:
a. Protein buffer systems
b. bicarbonate system
c. Phosphate buffer system
2. Write the equation showing the relationship of CO2 and H2O levels with bicarbonate and hydrogen ion levels:
CO2 + H2O ____H2CO2_______ ____HCO-3 + H+_______
3. A decrease in respiration will result in _____ CO2 and will shift the equation
to the _______, resulting in an increase in _____ ions, making the plasma
more _______.
4. When body pH is decreased, what are the three compensatory renal mechanisms to restore pH?
a. New bicarbonate ions
b. hydrogen ions
c.
5. a. Normal arterial pH is ___7.35_______ to ___7.45_______.
b. What is the pH in alkalosis? _7.45_______________
c. What is the pH in acidosis? _____7.35___________
6. With ketoacidosis, show what happens to the following:
a. ______ Plasma pH
b. ______ (Left or right) shift of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system
c. ______ Bicarbonate levels
d. ______ Respiratory rate
e. ______ Renal excretion of H+
7. With metabolic alkalosis, show what happens to the following:
a. __lower____ Plasma pH
b. ______ (Left or right) shift
c. ______ Bicarbonate levels
d. ___decreases___ Respiratory rate
e. ______ Renal excretion of bicarbonate
8. With respiratory acidosis, show what happens to the following:
a. __decrease____ Plasma pH
b. __left____ (Left or right) shift
c. ___decrease___ Respiratory rate
d. __increase____ Renal excretion of bicarbonate
e. ___increase___ Renal excretion of H+
9. With respiratory alkalosis, show what happens to the following:
a. ______ Plasma pH
b. ______ (Left or right) shift
c. ______ Respiratory rate
d. ______ Renal excretion of bicarbonate
e. ______ Renal excretion of H+
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