Having friends or parents state early in the process of your college selection that a particular college is inappropriate might cause you to exclude that college without much thought. This is an example of what concept in action?
a. Bolstering
b. Groupthink
c. Utility theory
d. Cognitive dissonance theory
The study of psychology
a. allows us to make clear predictions about foreign policy decision making.
b. adds little to our understanding of foreign policy decision making.
c. does not provide clear predictions in the real world of foreign policy.
d. allows us to control for other influences and make accurate predictions.
Bolstering occurs when
a. a decision maker attempts to convince themselves they made the right choice after an agonizing decision.
b. the legislative branch shows strong support for a foreign policy decision.
c. a small group of decision makers looks to a group leader for a decision.
d. a decision maker knows they made the wrong decision but works to convince themselves that it was the rightone.
Since leaders seek to avoid psychological stress after making a decision, leaders hope to convince themselves that the decision actually was the correct one. This psychological concept is called
a. appeasement.
b. rational action.
c. groupthink.
d. bolstering.
Since cognitive dissonance highlights why foreign policies do not change, it is most useful in explaining
a. continuity of foreign policy.
b. fluctuations in foreign policy.
c. abrupt changes in foreign policy.
d. the belief systems of foreign policy.
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