In relation to search warrants, what is meant by the term knock-and-announce and how is it applied ...

The knock and announce process entails officers knocking on the door with three successive, loud knocks followed by the announcement, Police, search warrant This process is repeated at least three times and on average takes about twenty-seconds. This process has been deemed reasonable by the courts.

The No-Knock exception to the search warrant requirement: When there is reasonable suspicion that knocking and announcing police presence, under particular circumstances, would be dangerous or futile, or that it would inhibit the effective investigation, of the crime by, for example, allowing the destruction of evidence, then it's not necessary to knock and announce prior to making entry.

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The affidavit of probable cause is a document sent to the judge presenting the probable cause in support of a search warrant. The affidavit, consistent with the 4th Amendment, normally contains the following information: name of the officer requesting the warrant and his/her qualifications to write it, description of the place to be searched and items to be seized, followed by the chronological facts that tend to establish probable cause.