Nicki walks into her friend's bathroom and sees a blender next to the sink. She spends more time looking at that blender than she would have spent looking at a soap dispenser in the same position. Her increased gaze is a reflection of a _____ in action.
A) saliency map
B) scene schema
C) task demand
D) mismatch effect
One of the important goals of science is to
a. make the research process entirely objective and to not allow the values of the scientist to be involved.
b. to help distinguish which part of the research process is objective and which part is subjective.
c. to turn applied research into basic research.
d. to make behavioral research more like research in the natural sciences.
Larissa looks at a still picture of a football game. She uses her knowledge of football to look at the quarterback first, then the running backs, then the wide receivers, then the linebackers. This is an example of using _____ to guide attention.
A) saliency maps
B) retinotopic maps
C) knowledge
D) the cue approach
Which one of the following items should NOT be influenced by the values of the scientist?
a. The topic chosen for study
b. Whether the collected data are objectively analyzed and reported
c. When and where research is published
d. The participants chosen for study
_____ can be generated based on saliency principles and used to predict early fixations in a scene.
A) Contrast maps
B) Salience decoders
C) Interest point files
D) Saliency maps
An example of basic research is the study of
a. what types of psychotherapy are most effective.
b. how nerves conduct responses from the receptors in the skin to the brain.
c. what types of ad campaigns reduce drug and alcohol consumption.
d. what factors are associated with successful college performance.
Parkhurst et al. (2002 ) showed that observers make initial fixations in a visual scene based on _____.
A) stimulus saliency
B) meaningfulness
C) stimulus schema
D) scotopic representations
Which of the following four sections are found in a research report?
a. Introduction, Methods, Interpretation, Summary
b. Introduction, Methods, Interpretation, Analysis
c. Introduction, Analysis, Interpretation, Summary
d. Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion
People tend to fixate first on high contrast or unique (relative to the surrounding area) points in a visual scene. This is a result of _____ and is a _____ process.
A) stimulus salience; top-down
B) stimulus salience; bottom-up
C) the spotlight effect; top-down
D) the spotlight effect; bi-directional
In which of the following sections of the research report are the values of the scientists most likely to be expressed?
a. Methods and Results
b. Introduction and Results
c. Results and Discussion
d. Introduction and Discussion
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