In order to determine whether factors influence or interact with each other, a researcher must use ____.
a. two experiments
b. a factorial design
c. a between-subjects design
d. a mixed design
Laura works at a local shelter for teens who cannot remain in their homes, but are not wards of the court. She showed them an extraordinary documentary on homeless teens that featured two who actually testify to Congress about the need for services, and they became much more hopeful about their own futures. She is sharing this with Beatrice, a friend in another city who also works with high risk teens. Beatrice is a bit more cautious, and decides to randomly create two groups of teens at her facility. She shows one group the inspirational documentary, while the other group simply goes about their usual activities. After the treatment group has viewed the documentary, she has both groups of teens complete the instrument assessing how positively they view their futures. This is an example of a(n) ____.
a. basic pre-post randomized experimental design.
b. posttest-only randomized experiment
c. double-pretest, single-group design created by expanding across time.
d. pretest-posttest nonequivalent groups quasi-experiment
Which of the following independent variables would NOT be used in instrumental conditioning?
a. reinforcement schedules
b. delay of time between response and reinforcement
c. magnitude of the reinforcement
d. interval of time between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus
The advantage of a two-factor design compared to two single-factor designs is the ability to ____.
a. save time
b. evaluate the interaction
c. evaluate the main effects
d. check the manipulation
Laura works at a local shelter for teens who cannot remain in their homes, but are not wards of the court. She sees an extraordinary documentary on homeless teens that features two who actually testify to Congress about the need for services. She wants to give hope to the teens she works with and arranges for them to see the documentary. After they watch it, she has them all complete an instrument that assesses their hopes for the future. This is an example of a(n) ____.
a. posttest-only nonexperiment
b. posttest-only randomized experiment
c. double-pretest, single-group design created by expanding across time.
d. pretest-posttest nonequivalent groups quasi-experiment
Skinner called Pavlovian conditioning
a. classical conditioning.
b. instrumental conditioning.
c. operant conditioning.
d. respondent conditioning.
A researcher who is examining the effects of temperature and humidity on the eating behavior of rats uses a factorial experiment comparing three different temperatures (70, 80, and 90) and two humidity conditions (low and high). The experiment has ____ level(s) for the temperature factor and a total of ____ treatment conditions.
a. one; three
b. three; six
c. six; six
d. three; two
Wanda is conducting a study of social behaviors among children who are considered to be at high risk because one or both of their parents is in prison. Two observers rate the children's social skills, perform an intervention that consists of structured socialization opportunities, and then rate the children's social skills again. Unfortunately, neither of her original observers are available after the intervention, so she has to use two new observers. As a result, Wanda has a(n) ____ threat.
a. history
b. mortality
c. instrumentation
d. regression
Language processes such as learning a foreign language are labeled
a. verbal learning.
b. social learning.
c. instrumental conditioning.
d. animal learning.
In an experiment examining the effects of task difficulty (easy/hard) for men and women, the factors are ____.
a. male and female
b. easy and hard
c. male, female, easy, and hard
d. difficulty and gender
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