The idea that a scientific theory must be stated in such a way that it is possible to refute or disconfirm it is known as the principle of
a. pseudoscience.
b. falsifiability.
c. public verification.
d. systematic empiricism.
The scientific approach involves using
a. intuition, skepticism, and tenacity.
b. tenacity, public verification, and skepticism.
c. systematic empiricism, public verification, and solvable problems.
d. superstition, intuition, and skepticism.
Although Mulder believes in the paranormal, Scully questions the validity of such beliefs because she is a
a. pagan.
b. parapsychologist.
c. skeptic.
d. pseudoscientist.
An event or behavior that has at least two values is
a. a hypothesis.
b. a theory.
c. a variable.
d. science.
Hypothesis is to _____ as theory is to _____.
a. an organized system of assumptions and principles that attempts to explain certain phenomena and how they are related; a prediction regarding the outcome of a study
b. a prediction regarding the outcome of a study; an organized system of assumptions and principles that attempts to explain certain phenomena and how they are related
c. not used in science; used in science
d. used in science; not used in science
Mike pitched a great game on Saturday, and he believes that it is because he wore his lucky socks. He has now decided that he will wear these socks for every game of the season because he believes that they will make him lucky. This belief is based on _____.
a. superstition
b. rationalism
c. authority
d. science
Gaining knowledge via science involves using _____ and _____.
a. empiricism; intuition
b. tenacity; authority
c. intuition; logical reasoning
d. empiricism; rationalism
Gaining knowledge through logical reasoning is to knowledge via _____ as gaining knowledge through observation of organisms and events in the real world is to knowledge via _____.
a. rationalism; empiricism
b. science; empiricism
c. rationalism; science
d. empiricism; rationalism
Gaining knowledge from those viewed as authority figures is to knowledge via _____ as stubbornly clinging to knowledge gained from repeated ideas is to knowledge via _____.
a. tenacity; authority
b. rationalism; tenacity
c. authority; tenacity
d. intuition; authority
A belief that is based on subjective feelings is to knowing via _____ as gaining knowledge without being consciously aware of where the knowledge was gained is to knowing via _____.
a. authority; superstition
b. superstition; intuition
c. tenacity; intuition
d. intuition; superstition
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