According to the text, which of the following groups is underrepresented in American unions?

According to the text, which of the following groups is underrepresented in American unions?
 
  a. teachers
  b. Asian-Americans
  c. African-Americans
  d. manufacturing workers
  e. Midwesterners

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Why are unions in manufacturing sometimes suspicious of top-management sponsored participation programs?
 
  a. Union workers do not want to participate in programs that will make them work harder.
  b. The history of the labor movement and extreme employer resistance has made unions suspicious of management at all times.
  c. Unions are afraid management will make use of workers' participation efforts and then move production overseas.
  d. Unions are not interested in improving the efficiency of production, which is often a goal of participation programs.
  e. Unions generally are not suspicious of top-management sponsored participation programs.