Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract except the
A) stomach.
B) pharynx.
C) esophagus.
D) bladder.
E) colon.
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Question 2) The following steps occur in rods when they are excited by photons of light. What is the proper sequence for these steps? 1. Membrane sodium channels close. 2. Increased phosphodiesterase breaks down cGMP. 3. Retinal changes from the 11-cis form to the 11-trans form. 4. The membrane hyperpolarizes and the rate of neurotransmitter release declines. 5. Opsin activates transducin. 6. Opsin activation occurs.
A) 1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 3
B) 3, 6, 5, 2, 1, 4
C) 6, 3, 5, 2, 1, 4
D) 3, 6, 5, 1, 2, 4
E) 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2
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Question 3) One way to improve respiratory performance with age is to
A) eat smaller meals.
B) stop smoking.
C) sleep longer.
D) maintain normal glucose levels.
E) produce less surfactant.
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Question 4) Visual pigments are derivatives of the compound
A) retinal.
B) opsin.
C) rhodopsin.
D) transducin.
E) cGMP.
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Question 5) Which of the following changes does not occur at birth when an infant takes his or her first breaths?
A) Blood flow to the lungs decreases.
B) The resistance in the pulmonary arteries decreases.
C) Changes in blood flow cause the foramen ovale to close.
D) Air enters the alveoli.
E) Gas diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
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Question 6) The first step in the process of photoreception is
A) the bleaching of rods.
B) the bleaching of cones.
C) absorption of a photon by a visual pigment.
D) inhibition of the sodium pumps.
E) release of neurotransmitter.
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Question 7) Which of the following are not present prior to birth?
A) Pulmonary arterial resistance is high.
B) Pulmonary vessels are collapsed.
C) Rib cage is compressed.
D) Alveoli are expanded.
E) Lungs and airways contain only a small amount of fluid.
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Question 8) When all three cone populations are stimulated equally, we perceive
A) red.
B) blue.
C) green.
D) white.
E) black.
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Question 9) The obstructive lung disease in which connective tissues are lost, alveolar surfaces are damaged, and the respiratory surface is reduced is called
A) asthma.
B) bronchitis.
C) emphysema.
D) tuberculosis.
E) pneumonia.
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Question 10) The cell of the retina that produces an action potential that goes to the brain is a(n)
A) bipolar cell.
B) photoreceptor.
C) ganglion cell.
D) amacrine cell.
E) horizontal cell.
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