In the nephron, the fluid that immediately precedes urine is known as ________.
A) tubular fluid
B) renal filtrate
C) glomerular filtrate
D) medullary filtrate
E) plasma
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Question 2) Which of the following gives a cell structural support, determines the shape of a cell, and directs the movement of substances through a cell?
A) The cytoskeleton
B) The nucleus
C) The Golgi complex
D) The plasma membrane
E) Cholesterol
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Question 3) Which of the following is the primary source of body heat?
A) Convection B) The sun
C) Conduction D) Nutrient oxidation
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Question 4) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a muscle cell?
A) Contractility
B) Extensibility
C) Conductivity
D) Excitability
E) Plasticity
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Question 5) Which of the following is not a feature of cardiac muscle?
A) They depend almost exclusively on aerobic respiration.
B) They have larger than average mitochondria.
C) They are rich in glycogen.
D) They are very rich in myoglobin.
E) They have about the same endurance as skeletal muscle fibers.
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Question 6) In response to high blood pressure, stretch receptors called ________ in the walls of arteries carrying blood to the head, will trigger a reflex that causes the heart to ________ its beats per minute.
A) chemoreceptors; increase
B) baroreceptors; decrease
C) proprioceptors; increase
D) baroreceptors; increase
E) proprioceptors; decrease
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Question 7) Urine retention is a greater problem for elderly men than for elderly women because men ________.
A) have fewer glomeruli
B) have weaker urinary sphincters
C) have larger bladders
D) can develop benign prostatic hyperplasia
E) have narrower ureters
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Question 8) Which of the following are primarily responsible for maintaining the salinity gradient of the renal medulla?
A) Collecting ducts
B) Proximal convoluted tubules
C) Cortical nephrons
D) Distal convoluted tubules
E) Juxtamedullary nephrons
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Question 9) How is the basal metabolic rate (BMR) different from the total metabolic rate (TMR)?
A) The BMR is calculated when one is asleep.
B) The TMR includes the BMR.
C) The BMR includes energy expenditures for muscular contractions.
D) The BMR includes the TMR.
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Question 10) Only autosomal trisomies involving chromosomes 13, 18, and 21 are survivable. Why would this be?
A) These are relatively short chromosomes.
B) These are redundant chromosomes.
C) These are relatively long chromosomes.
D) These are relatively gene-poor chromosomes.
E) These chromosomes have no genes.
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