Which of the following are sources of water intake?
Cellular metabolism
Ingestion
Perspiration
Respiratory intake
Osmosis
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Question 2) Azetazolamide (Diamox) is a diuretic. It functions by blocking the activity of carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells.
This slows the formation of carbonic acid. By slowing the formation of hydrogen ions in the cells of the tubule, sodium reabsorption is also slowed. This results in the diuretic effect. Select from the following list the possible side-effects of Azetazolamide.
(1) acidosis
(2) reduced movement of bicarbonate ion into the plasma
(3) an alkaline urine is produced
(4) respiration increases
A. 1, 4
B. 2, 3
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 2, 3, 4
E. 1, 2, 3, 4
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Question 3) Which of the following represents the largest fluid compartment?
A. Intracellular fluid
B. Extracellular fluid
C. Interstitial fluid
D. Blood plasma
E. Lymph
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Question 4) Edema results when the amount of ___________ fluid increases.
A. interstitial
B. intracellular
C. plasma
D. cerebrospinal
E. synovial
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Question 5) The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid is _________________.
A. sodium
B. potassium
C. chloride
D. calcium
E. magnesium
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Question 6) Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?
A. increased urine output
B. an increased release of ADH
C. an increase in renin production
D. an increase in the secretion of aldosterone
E. a decreased release of ADH
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Question 7) Bob Trotts has an enteropathogenic E. coli infection resulting in severe diarrhea for 2 days. This could produce which of the following:
(1) acidosis
(2) alkalosis
(3) increased respiration
(4) decreased respiration
(5) increased ADH secretion
(6) increased renin secretion
(7) increased urine concentration
A. 1, 3, 5, 6, 7
B. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7
C. 1, 3, 6
D. 2, 4, 5, 7
E. 1, 4, 5, 7
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Question 8) The K+ level of 2.8 mEq/L indicates hypokalemia. Low plasma K+ levels will cause
A. thirst.
B. muscle weakness.
C. increased body temperature.
D. tremors, tetany, and convulsions.
E. paralysis.
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Question 9) The increase in extracellular osmolality would cause
A. water to move out of the cells.
B. water to move into the cells.
C. no change in the net movement of water into or out of the cells.
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Question 10) When normal buffer mechanisms are overwhelmed by excessive numbers of hydrogen ions, which of the following will result?
A. acidosis
B. alkalosis
C. neither of these
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