What is the definition of a prohormone?
A. Hormones that bind to endocrine glands and stimulate the secretion of a second hormone.
B. Hormones that bind to endocrine glands and inhibit the secretion of a second hormone.
C. A longer protein or peptide that is cleaved into shorter ones, at least one of which is a peptide or protein hormone.
D. Hormones that stimulate the expression of receptors for a second hormone, promoting their action.
E. Steroid hormones that are inactivated by having hydroxyl groups removed from their structure.
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Question 2) Which is TRUE regarding the structure and synthesis of hormones?
A. Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol.
B. Thyroid hormones are catecholamines.
C. The hormones of the adrenal cortex have the same structure as the neurotransmitters of adrenergic neurons.
D. Most peptide hormones require binding proteins for transport in the blood.
E. Vasopressin is synthesized in the posterior pituitary.
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Question 3) Which is most likely a characteristic of cells that secrete steroid hormones?
A. They store large amounts of hormone.
B. They are characterized by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum and few secretory granules.
C. They contain large numbers of secretory granules.
D. They are found in the anterior pituitary gland.
E. They are found in the medulla of the adrenal gland.
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Question 4) Which does NOT apply to hormones?
A. They are chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the bloodstream.
B. In some cases, the same chemical substances can also function as local regulators and/or neurotransmitters.
C. All hormones are derived from cholesterol.
D. They are secreted into the blood by ductless glands.
E. They are sometimes secreted by neural tissue.
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Question 5) Which is most likely TRUE of an endocrine cell that contains an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, a large Golgi apparatus, and secretory granules?
A. It secretes a peptide/protein hormone.
B. It secretes its product by diffusion through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.
C. It secretes by endocytosis.
D. Its hormone product is synthesized from cholesterol.
E. It secretes a hormone with a hydrophobic structure.
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Question 6) Motor neurons that innervate skeletal muscle fibers are subject to the summative effects of interneurons that release excitatory neurotransmitters and interneurons that release inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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Question 7) Sensory neurons that are part of the stretch reflex synapse directly onto the motor neurons of antagonist muscles, and inhibit them.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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Question 8) Motor pathways extending from the central nervous system to muscle fibers are subject to control by both excitatory and inhibitory interneurons.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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Question 9) Crossed-extensor reflexes, but not stretch reflexes, are important postural reflexes.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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Question 10) One of the primary roles of the cerebellum is to compare a given program for movement with the actual movement as it occurs and to make adjustments in the movement and in the program.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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