An example of a short loop feedback is:
A. GH inhibition of GHRH
B. cortisol inhibition of ACTH
C. FSH inhibition of LH
D. estrogen inhibition of GnRH
E. somatostatin inhibition of GH
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Question 2) The major target of growth hormone, which determines the circulating levels of IGF-1, is the:
A. pituitary
B. muscle
C. liver
D. kidney
E. adipose tissue
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Question 3) The one pituitary tropic hormone that is under predominantly inhibitory control by the hypothalamus is:
A. GH
B. TSH
C. somatostatin
D. prolactin
E. ACTH
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Question 4) Elevated ACTH can cause skin darkening, due to its ability to:
A. bind to the MC1R
B. stimulate cortisol production
C. bind to the CRH receptor
D. stimulate adrenal androgen production
E. stimulate -MSH production
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Question 5) A 50-year-old woman complains that in the past few months she has had little energy, has frequently felt chilled, and has noticed excessive hair loss when she washes her hair.
Upon physical exam, her blood pressure registers 105/85 mm Hg, her pulse is slow, and her physician notes dry, cool skin with puffiness of the face and arms. A preliminary diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism is made.
If the diagnosis is correct, one would expect to observe which of the following blood values?
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Question 6) The cell type that expresses prohormone convertases capable of cleaving POMC into an active tropic hormone is the:
A. thyrotrope
B. lactotrope
C. corticotrope
D. gonadotrope
E. somatotrope
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Question 7) The preprohormone preprovasophysin is synthesized in the:
A. pars nervosa
B. median eminence
C. hypothalamic nuclei
D. pars distalis
E. infundibular stalk
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Question 8) Pituitary glycoprotein hormones are heterodimers containing a common subunit and a hormone-specific subunit. The glycoprotein hormones from the pituitary include:
A. thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone
B. human chorionic gonadotropin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone
C. prolactin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone
D. follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone
E. follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin
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Question 9) Hypothalamic releasing hormones are secreted from neuroendocrine neurons at the:
A. median eminence
B. pars distalis
C. paraventricular nucleus
D. pars nervosa
E. infundibular stalk
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Question 10) A drop in blood Ca++ will indirectly increase renal 1 hydroxylase activity. This occurs in response to:
A. elevated 25-hydroxyvitamin D
B. elevated PTH
C. elevated Pi
D. elevated calcitonin
E. elevated 24-hydroxylase activity
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