Under which probation and parole officer selection system are applicants who meet the minimum ...

1)  Answer: a

2)  Answer: d

3)  Answer: b

4)   Probation and parole officers often use techniques without understanding the theoretical basis of such treatment.
 Some methods of treatment require more training than most probation and parole officers have received, and their use may require an expenditure of time that is not realistic in most probation and parole agencies.
 Being knowledgeable about both theory and therapy enables the probation and parole officer to make appropriate referrals, understand treatment reports and better relate to rehabilitation professionals.

5)   What is the dominant force shaping human behavior?
 Why do humans act the way they do?
 Nature  behavior can best be explained by genetic, biological or other properties inherent in the individual
 Nurture  looks to social environments for the causal factors; human behavior is largely the product of social interaction
 In order to reduce crime, we must understand why crime occurs.

6)   MI is a client-centered, directive approach that emphasizes listening and looking for ways to direct the interaction toward positive talk.
 Mixed feelings, hesitancy, and even arguments against change are a normal part of the change process.
 Aggressive confrontation pushes offenders backward in the change process.
 MI facilitates change by reducing levels of resistance, raising discrepancy, and increasing positive change talk.
 The best interaction is one in which the offender gives the reasons for change.
 Identifying and calling attention to an offenders ambivalence can help him determine whether his behavior is in conflict with other personal values.
 Talk about desire, ability, reasons, and need leads to commitment talk, which, in turn, predicts behavior change.

Makes more sense now, TY