The volume of gas actually delivered to a patient by most positive-pressure ventilation is always less than that expelled from the machine. Which of the following factors help to explain this finding?
1. Gas compression under pressure
2. Presence of built-in leaks
3. Expansion of the ventilator circuitry
a. 2 and 3 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1, 2, and 3
d. 1 and 3 only
Q. 2 Inspection of the airway pressure waveform of a patient receiving volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation assist-control with constant flow reveals a large dip or drop in pressure at the beginning of inspiration.
Which of the following problems is most likely?
a. The trigger setting is improper.
b. The inspiratory flow is inadequate.
c. The set volume is too large.
d. The pressure limit is too low.
Q. 3 During volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation, should either compliance decrease or airway resistance (Raw) increase, what will happen?
a. The peak airway pressure will decrease.
b. The inspiratory flow will increase.
c. The peak airway pressure will increase.
d. The inspiratory time will decrease.
Q. 4 Volume-controlled (VC) modes of mechanical ventilation include which of the following?
1. VC continuous mandatory ventilation
2. VC intermittent mandatory ventilation
3. Volume-assured, pressure-controlled
4. Bilevel positive airway pressure
a. 2 and 4 only
b. 1, 2, 3, and 4
c. 1 and 2 only
d. 1, 3, and 4 only
Q. 5 What are some key causes of patient-ventilator asynchrony and increased work of breathing dur-ing pressure-triggered volume-controlled continuous mandatory ventilation?
1. Improper trigger setting
2. Insufficient inspiratory flow
3. High peak airway pressures
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
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