Soft, muffled sounds heard mainly during inspiration over the peripheral lung parenchyma best describe which of the following breath sounds?
a. Vesicular
b. Bronchovesicular
c. Bronchial
d. Tracheal
Q. 2 On palpating the neck region of a patient on a mechanical ventilator, you notice a crackling sound and sensation. What is the most likely cause of this observation?
a. Subcutaneous emphysema
b. Upper bronchial obstruction
c. Pneumonia of the upper lobes
d. Atelectasis of the upper lobes
Q. 3 Which of the following represent proper chest auscultation technique?
1. The practitioner should begin auscultation at the lung bases.
2. The patient should be instructed to breathe through an open mouth.
3. The patient should be placed in a comfortable upright position.
4. The patient should avoid deeply inhaling because it can mask certain lung sounds.
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 4 only
Q. 4 While percussing a patient's chest wall, you detect an abnormal increase in resonance. Which of the following are possible causes of this finding?
1. Asthma
2. Pneumothorax
3. Emphysema
4. Pneumonia
a. 1, 2, and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
Q. 5 While percussing a patient's chest wall, you encounter an area that produces a decreased reso-nance to percussion. Which of the following are potential causes of this finding?
1. Pneumothorax
2. Pleural effusion
3. Pneumonia
4. Atelectasis
a. 2 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 2, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
Q. 6 To minimize bony interference with percussion on the posterior chest wall, the practitioner should have the patient do which of the following?
a. Lean forward at a 45-degree angle.
b. Keep his or her arms at the sides of the body.
c. Raise his or her arms above the shoulders.
d. Place his or her hands on the hips.
Q. 7 While palpating the thorax of a patient who repeats the words ninety-nine, you note a localized area of decreased tactile fremitus on the lower right side. Which of the following could explain this finding?
1. Atelectasis on the right
2. Right-sided lower pneumothorax
3. Right-sided lower pleural effusion
4. Obstruction of a bronchus in the right lung
a. 2, 3, and 4 only
b. 1 and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 1, 3, and 4 only
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