Which of the following are necessary to validate a claim of professional negligence?
1. The practitioner owed a duty to the patient.
2. The practitioner was derelict with that duty.
3. The breach of duty was the direct cause of damages.
4. Damage or harm came to the patient.
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4
b. 2, 3, and 4 only
c. 2 and 3 only
d. 3 and 4 only
Q. 2 A clinician who justifies support for withdrawing life support from a patient because in the end, it would be best for all involved is applying what ethical viewpoint?
a. Relativism
b. Formalism
c. Consequentialism
d. Virtue ethics
Q. 3 Before making any ethical decision, one should take which of the following actions?
1. Identify the individuals involved.
2. Identify what ethical principle(s) apply.
3. Identify who should make the decision.
4. Consider the alternatives.
a. 2, 3, and 4 only
b. 1, 2, 3, and 4
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 3 only
Q. 4 A clinician who justifies not billing a poor patient for services rendered because that's what a professional should do is applying what ethical viewpoint?
a. Relativism
b. Formalism
c. Consequentialism
d. Virtue ethics
Q. 5 The debate over prolongation of life versus relief of suffering in elderly patients mainly involves differing opinions regarding what ethical principle?
a. Autonomy
b. Beneficence
c. Role fidelity
d. Justice
Q. 6 When a respiratory therapist defers a patient's questions about a condition to the attending phy-sician, what ethical principle is being practiced?
a. Autonomy
b. Beneficence
c. Role fidelity
d. Harm principle
Q. 7 What type(s) of advanced directives can patients use to help resolve ethical dilemmas involving their life-sustaining care? 1. Durable power of attorney 2. Written interrogatory 3. Living will
a. 2 and 3 only
b. 1 and 2 only
c. 1 and 3 only
d. 1, 2, and 3
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