Which of the following arguments is sound?
a. All fathers are baseball fans. All baseball fans like beer. All fathers like beer.
b. All women are mothers. All mothers are married. All women are married. c. All mothers are females. Helen is a female. Helen is a mother.
d. All mothers are females. Helen is a mother. Helen is a female.
Ques. 2Which one of the following arguments is invalid?
a. All women are mothers. All mothers are married. All women are married. b. All mothers are females. Helen is a female. Helen is a mother.
c. All fathers are baseball fans. All baseball fans like beer. All fathers like beer.
d. All mothers are females. Helen is a mother. Helen is a female.
Ques. 3Logicians study deductive arguments by formulating the reasoning involved into syllogisms. A syllogism usually consists of
a. Statements or claims
b. None of these choices
c. A major premise, minor premise and a conclusion.
d. Standardized language
Ques. 4Deduction is taught through the study of formal logic. Deduction is a process that draws conclusions about the relationship between generalizations and specific instances. All of the following, but one, are examples of deductive reasoning. Which example is not based on deductive reasoning?
a. All horses are herbivorous. This animal is a horse. This animal is herbivorous.
b. All humans are mammals. Jane is a human. Jane is a mammal
c. The cat rubs against my leg. The cat jumps onto my lap. The cat looks into
my face and cries. The cat keeps crying. The cat is hungry.
d. All cats are night animals. This creature is a cat. This creature is a night
animal.
Ques. 5If you offer people unemployment insurance, they will become lazy and expect the government to support them for life. This is an example of:
a. A false cause
b. A false analogy
c. A loaded question.
d. A slippery slope fallacy.
Ques. 6The loaded question is a fallacy of using a biased question in order to obtain a predetermined result. Loaded questions
a. All of these choices.
b. Can occur in polling questions.
c. Entice a person into making a certain answer.
d. Can be used to entrap a person.
Ques. 7I would guess that the average office female makes 509 visits to the lavatory to a male's 320, an spends 10.7 minutes there to a male's 2.5 . What management is going to put up with this primp time featherbedding at equal pay?
a. This argument favors equal pay for men and women.
b. This argument is not fallacious.
c. None of these choices.
d. This argument is supported by questionable statistics.
Ques. 8This fallacy offers evidence that contradicts the conclusion or makes contradictory claims.
a. None of these choices
b. Weak analogy
c. Questionable cause
d. Slippery slope
Ques. 9This fallacy is an argument that oversimplifies a situation, asserting that there are only two choices when actually there are many.
a. Hasty generalization.
b. Weak analogy
c. False dilemma
d. Questionable statistic