Properly speaking, reinforcers and punishers are formally defined entirely by
A) their intensity.
B) the probability of their occurrence.
C) their effect on behavior.
D) the extent to which they are perceived as pleasant versus unpleasant.
Question 2Maria gives her canary some food each time it flutters its wings. The food is a
A) punisher.
B) reinforcer.
C) discriminative stimulus.
D) None of these are correct. Further information is needed to determine the answer.
Question 3A dog is given a treat each time it comes when called and, as a result, no longer comes when called. The _____ is an example of _____.
A) treat; negative reinforcement
B) treat; a punisher
C) decrease in behavior; a punisher
D) treat; punishment
Question 4Leena is gluten-intolerant. When Leena finished her homework, her mother gave her some apple pie. This is obviously an example of
A) positive reinforcement.
B) negative reinforcement.
C) positive punishment.
D) It is impossible to know, given the information provided.
Question 5Sam's favorite color is red. Sam received a green popsicle for sharing his toys. The green popsicle is a _____ for Sam's sharing.
A) reinforcer
B) punisher
C) conditioned stimulus
D) None of these are correct. Further information is needed to determine the answer.
Question 6Suppose a rat runs in a wheel and receives a food pellet. The subsequent increase in wheel-running as a result of the food delivery is an example of
A) an establishing operation.
B) reinforcement.
C) a reinforcer.
D) punishment.
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