Holly likes to climb trees, play fighting games, and take charge on the playground. She describes herself as a typical tomboy. Holly's peers are likely to
a. ignore her behavior, figuring she'll stop eventually.
b. encourage her behavior, viewing her as more fun than the more feminine girls.
c. try to convince her to act more feminine.
d. imitate her nontraditional behavior, so that she can see how ridiculous she looks.
Question 2Which of the following is not one of the ways that peers encourage gender typing?
a. They downgrade children who act in non-stereotypical ways.
b. They encourage gender segregation.
c. They are prejudiced against members of their own gender.
d. They treat boys and girls differently.
Question 3According to the research about parents' gender-related messages,
a. surprisingly, traditional parents and nontraditional parents provide similar messages about gender to their children.
b. traditional parents provide more messages about achievement to their sons than to their daughters.
c. African American mothers provide more gender-biased messages to their children, compared with mothers from other cultural groups.
d. children's parents are much more likely than children's peers to encourage gender typing.
Question 4Your textbook describes a study by Fiese and Skillman (2000), which focused on the gender-related messages that parents convey to their children. According to this research,
a. parents in the current decade provided the same kind of achievement messages to their daughters and sons.
b. parents in the current decade uniformly emphasized achievement more for their sons than for their daughters.
c. parents who were not very gender-stereotyped were likely to emphasize achievement equally for their sons and daughters.
d. fathers consistently emphasized achievement for their sons, whereas mothers consistently emphasized achievement for their daughters.
Question 5Ernesto is a Mexican American father who has nontraditional ideas about gender roles. He is playing with his daughter, using a toy stove and toy food. Based on the discussion in Chapter 3, you would expect to see that
a. Ernesto would try to guide his daughter toward a game with which he feels more comfortable.
b. Ernesto would interact passively with his daughter, only talking when she asks him questions.
c. Ernesto would ask good questions and actively play with his daughter.
d. Ernesto would play the role of a father who is being served a meal, but he would not participate in cooking.
Question 6What can we conclude about how parents treat their sons and daughters with respect to independence?
a. Parents seem to treat boys and girls exactly the same in the area of independence.
b. Because girls mature faster, parents allow their young daughters to be more independent than their sons.
c. In every situation that has been studied, parents are more likely to encourage independence in their sons than in their daughters.
d. In some situations, parents are more likely to encourage independence in their sons than in their daughters, but the results are not consistent.
Question 7How do parents handle the issue of independence in their children?
a. They are somewhat more likely to supervise their daughters and leave their sons alone.
b. They are somewhat more likely to supervise their sons and leave their daughters alone.
c. They treat sons and daughters similarly as preschoolers, but supervise daughters more when children reach school age.
d. They treat sons and daughters identically with regard to independence.
Question 8Adult males are sometimes more aggressive than adult females. According to the research discussed in Chapter 3, parents are especially likely to encourage these tendencies in their children
a. by punishing girls for their aggressive behavior.
b. by showing gender differences in their own behavior, which children will imitate.
c. by ignoring aggression in boys, so that they boys act even more aggressive in order to gain attention.
d. by rewarding kindness in girls, but not in boys.
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