When the price of a normal good falls, then:
a. both the income and substitution effects combine to cause the quantity demanded to increase.
b. the substitution effect will cause people to buy more because the good is relatively less expensive.
c. the income effect will cause people to buy more because of the increased purchasing power associated with the lower price.
d. all of these.
QUESTION 2Under both perfect competition and monopoly, a firm:
a. is a price taker.
b. is a price maker.
c. will shut down in the short-run if price falls short of average total cost.
d. always earns a pure economic profit.
e. sets marginal cost equal to marginal revenue.
QUESTION 3When a reduction in the price of a good allows a consumer to purchase more of all goods, this effect is called the:
a. income effect.
b. substitution effect.
c. elasticity effect.
d. monetary effect.
QUESTION 4Which of the following statements accurately describes a difference between a firm that is a monopolist and one that is a competitive price taker?
a. Marginal revenue and market price are equal for the competitive price taker but not for the monopolist.
b. The monopolist does not always produce the output that equates marginal cost and marginal revenue; the competitive price taker does.
c. The monopolist charges the highest price possible; the competitive price taker charges a price equal to its per-unit cost.
d. A monopolist can earn economic profit in the short run; a competitive price taker cannot.
QUESTION 5JoAnn considers cola and plain sparkling water to be good substitutes. Suppose the price of sugar, a key ingredient used to produce cola, falls. According to the income effect, which of the following is most likely to occur?
a. JoAnn will purchase less cola and more sparkling water.
b. JoAnn will purchase more cola and less sparkling water.
c. JoAnn will purchase more of most goods due to her higher real income.
d. JoAnn's demand curve will decrease (shift in), causing her to purchase less cola.
QUESTION 6Because monopolists are protected by high barriers to entry, they:
a. may be able to earn long-run economic profits.
b. will not minimize the per-unit cost of producing their output.
c. will price their product at the highest possible price.
d. seek economic profit; however, they are not able to earn it in the long run.
QUESTION 7Assume the price of Levi jeans increases. As a result, you decrease the quantity of Levi jeans purchased each month and purchase more Lee jeans. This is an example of the:
a. consumption effect.
b. utility effect.
c. income effect.
d. substitution effect.
QUESTION 8Which of the following best explains an economic criticism of unregulated monopolists?
a. Monopolists do not try to minimize their costs of production.
b. Monopolists produce where marginal revenue is greater than marginal costs.
c. Monopolists attempt to produce too many products, and as a result, their prices are high, and consumer's waste time trying to choose between too many options.
d. Monopolists restrict output, and as a result, they fail to produce units that are valued more than the marginal cost of producing them.
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