In the past several decades, carbohydrate intake in this country has:
a. increased along with calorie intake.
b. increased along with fat intake.
c. decreased while fat intake has increased.
d. decreased while protein intake has increased.
e. increased while body weight has declined.
Q. 2Small variations in DNA sequences are called mutations. The most common mutations are:
1.TIPs
2.SNPs
3.Histones
4.Epigenomes
5.RNAs
Q. 3If you are asked for advice on whether diets high in fiber can reduce colon cancer risk, what would you reply?
a. Scientific evidence proves that low-fiber diets cause colon cancer, so fiber should be included in everyone's diet.
b. You cannot eat enough fiber to receive the benefit, so you need to also include fiber supplements.
c. Fiber does not play any role in the health of the colon, so it is not necessary to include large amounts in the diet.
d. Fermentation of fiber in the colon provides small fat molecules that may activate cancer-destroying mechanisms.
e. The cholesterol-lowering properties of fiber are beneficial for lowering the risk of both heart disease and colon cancer.
Q. 4Which of the following strategies for consuming enough fruits, vegetables, and legumes would you find easiest to implement?
1.Try a new vegetable every month.
2.Add beans, peas, or lentils to soups.
3.Replace fruit juice with whole or cut fruit.
4.Order vegetable sides when eating out.
Q. 5It would be appropriate to recommend high-fiber foods to someone trying to lose weight because:
a. fiber speeds up movement of foods through the upper digestive tract.
b. fiber-rich foods are typically calorie free.
c. fiber may displace nutrient-dense foods.
d. fiber binds energy-yielding nutrients.
e. fiber creates a feeling of fullness that delays hunger.
Q. 6To minimize carcinogen formation when cooking meat, all of the following are recommended, except:
1.Wrap meat in foil when grilling
2.Do not burn the meat
3.Marinate the meat before cooking
4.Bake meats in the oven
5.Choose smoked meats over grilled meats
Q. 7Dietary fiber has been recommended for its possible benefits in reducing heart disease by lowering blood cholesterol. How is fiber thought to play its role in lowering blood cholesterol?
a. Insoluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the large intestine and is excreted in feces.
b. Viscous fiber binds with bile in the intestine and is excreted in feces.
c. Soluble fiber binds with cholesterol in the blood and is excreted by the liver.
d. Insoluble fiber converts to bile in the large intestine and binds with cholesterol.
e. Soluble fiber converts dietary cholesterol into bile, which is recycled for use in the digestive process.
Q. 8You are teaching a client how to possibly lower blood cholesterol levels by consuming foods high in fiber. Which of the following foods would be least effective for this purpose?
a. oat bran cereals
b. whole-wheat breads
c. black-eyed peas
d. young green peas
e. apples
Q. 9Carbohydrates are essential to provide energy for the body because:
a. the glucose that is produced from them is vital to fuel most of the body's cells.
b. proteins are available only to provide building block materials for tissues.
c. ketone bodies produced from proteins do not provide adequate energy for cells.
d. fats are not able to provide any energy to the cells.
e. they provide ketone bodies, which are the preferred energy of the body's cells.
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