In patients with acute kidney injury, oliguria leads to:
a. a loss of bone calcium due to hyperphosphatemia.
b. edema due to increased urine production.
c. an increase in blood potassium levels due to excessive excretion of parathyroid hormone.
d. production of at least 800 mL of urine per day.
Q. 2Consequences of acute kidney injury include all of the following except:
a. the reduced production of urine.
b. sodium retention and elevated levels of potassium, phosphate, and magnesium in the blood.
c. the inability to metabolize nutrients.
d. the excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone.
Q. 3If heart failure leads to acute kidney injury, it is considered a _____ factor.
a. primary
b. prerenal
c. preventable
d. postrenal
Q. 4Patients with nephrotic syndrome may require supplements of:
a. vitamin D and calcium.
b. essential fatty acids.
c. essential amino acids.
d. potassium and thiamin.
Q. 5Which of the following dietary components are restricted in nephrotic syndrome?
a. sodium and protein
b. fluids and sodium
c. carbohydrate and fat
d. calcium and phosphorus
Q. 6One of the effects of nephrotic syndrome is a loss of vitamin D. This can result in _____ in children.
a. growth failure
b. poor appetite
c. rickets
d. type 1 diabetes
Q. 7Manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome include:
a. low serum albumin.
b. uremia.
c. low blood lipids.
d. dehydration.
Q. 8Nephrotic syndrome is a result of:
a. damage to the glomeruli.
b. damage to the tubules.
c. excessive protein intake.
d. excessive fat intake.
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