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Answer to #1
FALSE
Answer to #2
The MyPlate food guidance system was developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to make people aware of the amount of calories they need on a daily basis and the dietary pattern to use. MyPlate is a visual food guide that illustrates the most important food pattern intake recommendations put forth in the 2015 Dietary Guidelines. The MyPlate graphic reminds Americans to eat healthful amounts of the five food groups-fruits, vegetables, grains, proteins, and dairy-using a familiar mealtime visual: a place setting. Recommended daily intakes of four food groups (fruits, vegetables, grains, and protein foods) are illustrated proportionately on a plate, whereas the fifth food group, dairy, is represented by a round glass (or bowl) on the upper-right periphery of the plate. The MyPlate graphic does not specify the numbers of servings recommended by the healthy eating patterns. The recommended amount of each food group depends on a person's age, sex, and physical activity level. The creators of MyPlate wanted to encourage each person to determine how much food is needed on an individual basis.
Answer to #3
Nutrition Facts panels provide an impressive amount of nutrition information, but actually using this information to plan a diet can be somewhat challenging. For instance, a cereal box's Nutrition Facts panel may tell you how much vitamin C is in a serving of the cereal, but how do you know if that amount is a little or a lot? To help answer this question, Nutrition Facts panels include a standard called the DV, which gives consumers a benchmark as to whether a food is a good source of a particular nutrient. Most importantly, Daily Values allow consumers to compare one food to another quickly and easily.There are two basic types of DVs. The first type, used for select vitamins and minerals, represents a nutrient's recommended daily intake for a person who requires approximately 2,000 kcal/day. For example, vitamin C's DV is 60 milligrams/day. Thus, a cereal that provides 30 milligrams of vitamin C per serving fulfills half of the DV for vitamin C. The second type of DV represents a nutrient's upper limit: it presents a daily amount that one should try not to exceed. This type of DV is used for total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and total carbohydrates. For example, a packaged food can have the information that one serving of a particular cereal provides 2 percent of an average person's daily upper limit of total fat. If the food's package is big enough, actual upper limit DV amounts are provided in addition to percentages. For example, the Nutrition Facts panel may state that the saturated fat DV of a person who requires 2,000 kcal/day is 20 grams. In addition to understanding the daily requirements and upper limits of nutrients in a food, one can use DVs to determine whether a food is a good source of a particular nutrient. A food that provides less than 5 percent of a nutrient's DV is considered low in that nutrient. Conversely, a food that provides at least 20 percent of a nutrient's DV is high in that nutrient.
Answer to #4
An anthropometric measurement is defined as the measurement of a body's physical dimensions or composition. It assesses the physical dimensions, such as height, or composition, such as fat mass of the body. The Greek term anthropometry means literally to measure the human body. Because most anthropometric measurements are easy and inexpensive to conduct, anthropometry is routinely used in clinical and research environments. Even stepping on the scale to weigh yourself is an example of an anthropometric measurement. Anthropometric measurement cannot confirm deficiency of any particular essential nutrient, but it can give a clinician clues that nutritional inadequacies might be present. Because obesity can increase a person's risk of developing chronic degenerative diseases such as heart disease and type 2 diabetes, height and body weight are frequently used anthropometric measures. These measures can also provide important information about the progression of other diseases. For example, a significant loss of body weight might indicate an eating disorder. Height and weight are also commonly used to assess nutritional status during infancy, childhood, and pregnancy. Various circumferences, such as those of the waist, hips, and head, are also sometimes measured to assess health. Differences in waist and hip circumferences reflect variations in body fat distribution patterns, and head circumference is frequently measured to monitor brain growth during infancy.
Answer to #5
Estimates of body composition-the proportions of fat, water, lean tissue, and mineral (bone) mass that make up the body-are types of anthropometric measurements. The amount and distribution of these components can be an important indicator of one's nutritional status and overall health. For instance, adequate hydration status (water content) is important for optimal athletic performance; alterations in lean tissue can indicate advanced disease in cancer patients; too much body fat can lead to cardiovascular disease; and loss of bone mass is a major risk factor for osteoporosis.
Answer to #6
After reading about dietary assessment, 38-year-old David decides to make sure his diet is adequate. David wants to know whether his diet lacks any essential macronutrients or micronutrients. First, David uses anthropometric measurements to determine whether there is any evidence of overall malnutrition. David is 1.8 meters tall and weighs 68 kilograms. Because he is likely at a healthy body weight, David concludes that he is probably not consuming too few or too many calories. However, because weight and height are not good indicators of overall nutritional adequacy, David decides to conduct a dietary self-assessment using a three-day diet record and the MyPlate Food Tracker tool. He records everything he eats and drinks for three days, paying close attention to portion sizes. He carefully notes every component of more complex foods such as the lasagna served in the cafeteria. Next, David logs on to the MyPlate website and enters his information into its database. Using this free software, he is able to compare his dietary intake to the Dietary Reference Intake values of all the required vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients, as well as to his Estimated Energy Requirements. In addition, David compares his dietary intakes of certain food groups to those recommended by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Patterns, and MyPlate. The results of David's dietary analysis indicate that he consumes almost all of the necessary nutrients at levels above their Adequate Intake Level or between their Recommended Dietary Allowance and Tolerable Upper Intake Level. Further, David's total energy intake is acceptable. However, his percentage of calories coming from fat is 45 percent-higher than recommended-and his daily fiber intake is below the recommended 20 to 25 grams. This suggests that David may have inadequate intake of fiber. In this manner, David can assess his own diet.
Answer to #7
D
Answer to #8
C
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