Which of the following is a feature of specific ergogenic aids?

Which of the following is a feature of specific ergogenic aids?
 
  a. Caffeine may enhance short-term, high-intensity performance.
  b. Carnitine supplements appear to increase the concentration of muscle carnitine.
  c. Ribose supplements permit longer, more intense workouts in most athletes.
  d. Chromium supplements (as chromium picolinate) appear to enhance fat oxidation in most athletes.
  e. Sodium bicarbonate may cause unpleasant side effects such as severe constipation in some athletes.

Q. 2

Which of the following describes an effect of caffeine use in the athlete?
 
  a. It stimulates fatty acid release.
  b. It enhances performance for almost all athletes.
  c. It raises blood pH to counteract the buildup of lactate.
  d. It promotes absorption of electrolytes from the intestinal tract.
  e. It slows glycogen use

Q. 3

Why should fiber-rich foods be avoided in an athlete's pregame meal?
 
  a. The fiber delays absorption of fat.
  b. The fiber interferes with glycolysis.
  c. The meal crowds out more energy-dense foods.
  d. The fiber retains water in the GI tract that would otherwise be absorbed.
  e. The meal will be digested and absorbed too rapidly to be useful.

Q. 4

Which of the following is a feature of creatine supplementation in athletes?
 
  a. It may enhance performance of endurance athletes.
  b. Long-term use adversely affects liver and kidney function.
  c. It may enhance performance of weight lifters and sprinters.
  d. It induces short-term weight loss consisting primarily of lean tissue.
  e. It is especially useful for distance swimmers.

Q. 5

Results of research studying carnitine supplementation as an ergogenic aid showed that it
 
  a. does not seem to increase fat oxidation.
  b. enhanced carbohydrate oxidation rate but not fat oxidation.
  c. raised muscle carnitine concentration but did not improve performance.
  d. promoted retention of amino acids but did not lead to increased muscle mass.
  e. increases ATP and improves performance.

Q. 6

Which of the following should be a component of a healthy diet for athletes?
 
  a. Salt tablets
  b. Protein powders
  c. Nutrient-dense foods
  d. Vitamin and mineral supplements
  e. Sports beverages

Q. 7

What should be the composition of the last (pregame) meal before an athletic event?
 
  a. High-protein, providing 30 kcal per kg body weight.
  b. Vegetable and fruit juices, providing 100 to 200 kcal.
  c. High-carbohydrate, low-fiber, providing 300 to 800 kcal.
  d. High-fiber, providing 200 to 300 kcal and liberal amounts of fluid, which is beneficially retained by the fiber in the GI tract.
  e. Bulky, fiber-rich foods providing at least 800 kcal

Q. 8

Which of the following is the most significant rationale for eliminating alcohol intake in athletic performance?
 
  a. It is not metabolized in muscle.
  b. It inhibits glycogen breakdown.
  c. It inhibits creatine phosphate synthesis.
  d. It interferes with ATP synthesis in the liver.
  e. It provides far more carbohydrates than are needed.