The function of the pharynx is to
a. direct food from the mouth to the esophagus
b. protect the airway during swallowing
c. prevent backflow from the esophagus
d. prevent backflow from the stomach
Q. 2The process by which maternal nutrient intake affects the child's development of diseases later in life is known as
a. retrogenetics.
b. reverse genetics.
c. fetal programming.
d. postpartum degenerative expression.
Q. 3Mrs. Nichols is 5'2, weighs 103 lbs., and suffers from GERD. She smokes and occasionally drinks wine. Today she is being prepared for discharge. Which of the following statements by Mrs. Nichols indicates the need for further discharge instructions?
a. I should lose weight to reduce my symptoms.
b. I will avoid wine.
c. I will go to the lung association classes.
d. I will eat small, frequent meals.
Q. 4Which of the following is a characteristic of maternal nutrition and the development of abnormal metabolism?
a. Malnutrition during pregnancy leads to macrosomia and GI disturbances in the offspring
b. Insufficient nutrient intake during pregnancy promotes hypertrophy of the kidneys and hypotension in adulthood
c. Nutrition during pregnancy is the chief determinant of pancreatic beta cell growth and thus affects the risk for type 2 diabetes of the offspring
d. Malnutrition during pregnancy programs the fetus to modify the genetic composition of the placenta and thereby alter nutrient delivery through the umbilical cord
Q. 5Mr. Brown has been suffering from GERD. He is 25 above his ideal body weight. In order to prevent discomfort, health care professionals will instruct Mr. Brown to
a. lose weight.
b. suck on peppermints instead of smoking.
c. drink water with meals.
d. recline after meals.
Q. 6As a means to reduce the risk of neural tube defects in newborn infants, grain products are fortified with what nutrient?
a. Folate b. Thiamine
c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin B12
Q. 7Interventions that can help eliminate distress from GERD include
a. lying down for 30 minutes after meals. b. fluid intake with meals.
c. small, frequent feedings. d. a pureed diet.
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