What condition is present when decisions are made based on optimism and instinct rather than on reality?
a. ambiguity
b. risk
c. certainty
d. uncertainty
Q. 2What kind of decision maker dislikes ambiguity and tends to act intuitively?
a. directive
b. conceptual
c. analytic
d. behavioral
Q. 3A directive decision maker:
a. has a high tolerance for ambiguity.
b. prefers simple solutions.
c. prefers ideas to hard facts.
d. tweaks the system in order to refine it.
Q. 4The problem seeker is:
a. reactive.
b. proactive.
c. rational.
d. ambiguous.
Q. 5All of the following are true in regards to the problem avoider except:
a. this type of manager may think we've always done it that way is good enough.
b. this manager tends to be reactive when dealing with problems.
c. waiting until a problem becomes a crisis is waiting too long.
d. this person may not recognize a problem.
Q. 6Unstructured problems are:
a. dealt with using a programmed decision.
b. likely to increase in times of rapid change.
c. easily identified.
d. most often found in organizations with institutional memory.
Q. 7Programmed decisions:
a. can be made by invoking common sense.
b. are made when a manager is faced with an unfamiliar problem.
c. are repeated frequently.
d. are used to solve critical problems.
Q. 8Routine and predictable discrepancies between what is and what is ideal are called:
a. structured problems.
b. reactive problems.
c. critical problems.
d. identified problems.
Q. 9Decisions are generally:
a. deferred to top level managers.
b. unvarying when it comes to management level.
c. classified in three basic types.
d. of different types based on different levels of managers.
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