What describes the formation of ice in a body of water that surges onshore and deforms the shoreline, and then retreats as the ice melts?
A. ice floe
B. ice push
C. ice pack
D. glacial advance
E. frost wedging
Question 2What is NOT one of the projected impacts of sea-level rise linked with a warming climate?
A. complete inundation of low-lying islands
B. heightened risk of tsunami incidence
C. inundation of coastal plains and settlements
D. expose coasts to greater storm risks
E. general retreat of coastlines
Question 3What is NOT a catalyst for sea-level change on a shoreline?
A. increase in ice accumulation
B. local tectonic uplift
C. increase in rainfall levels
D. sinking of a landmass
E. increase in ocean water
Question 4What are large waves triggered by disruptions on or displacement of the ocean floor?
A. waves of oscillation
B. seismic sea waves
C. waves of translation
D. waves of refraction
E. waves of disruption
Question 5What is NOT a way that wave erosion can occur or is enhanced?
A. notches cut into bases of cliffs
B. chemical reactions with seawater
C. storm amplified wind and wave power
D. impact of air in coastal rock cracks
E. formation of extensive coastal dunes
Question 6What describes a change in wave direction as waves approach a headland concentrating energy there?
A. refraction
B. erosion
C. oscillation
D. translation
E. reflection
Question 7What component of wave structure causes the wave crest to tumble forward onto the surface of shallow water or the beach?
A. swash
B. trough
C. wavelength
D. breaker
E. backwash
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