A 68-year-old female patient has returned to the cardiac care unit from PACU following a successful coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).
The nurse who is providing care for this patient during her immediate postsurgical period must prioritize respiratory assessment because of the patient's high risk of:
A) Atelectasis
B) Empyema
C) Pulmonary embolism (PE)
D) Pleural effusion
Question 2Kaposi's sarcoma is a common problem in patients with AIDS. The nurse should instruct the patient who is diagnosed with AIDS to report which sign of Kaposi's sarcoma?
a. Reddish-purple skin lesions
b. Open, bleeding skin lesions
c. Blood-tinged sputum
d. Watery diarrhea
Question 3A patient has returned to the nursing unit after having a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the hospital's cardiac catheterization laboratory. The nurse who is providing care for this patient should prioritize what assessment?
A) Assessing the patient's capillary refill time and peripheral pulses
B) Assessing the patient for signs and symptoms of hemorrhage
C) Assessing the patient for signs and symptoms of acute renal failure
D) Assessing the patient for signs and symptoms of infection
Question 4A 56-year-old man has been brought to the emergency department by emergency medical services (EMS) and has been diagnosed with a myocardial infarction (MI) based on his presentation and electrocardiogram (ECG).
The patient has been identified as a candidate for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The nurse who is providing care for this patient should recognize that the extent of cardiac damage will primarily depend on:
A) The patient's previous use of antiplatelets and anticoagulants
B) The particular risk factors that contributed to the patient's MI
C) The duration of oxygen deprivation to the patient's cardiac cells
D) The patient's high- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL, HDL) levels prior to MI
Question 5A 70-year-old man has been diagnosed with angina pectoris and subsequently prescribed nitroglycerin spray to be used sublingually when he experiences chest pain. This drug will achieve relief of the patient's chest pain by:
A) Blocking sympathetic stimulation of the heart and reducing oxygen demand
B) Increasing contractility and consequent cardiac output
C) Blocking the a-delta pain fibers in the myocardium
D) Dilating the blood vessels and reducing preload
Question 6A young gay patient being treated for his third sexually transmitted disease does not see why he should use condoms, because they don't work. The nurse's most appropriate response would be
a. Condoms may not provide 100 protection, but when used correctly and consistently with every act of sexual intercourse they reduce your risk of getting infected with HIV or other sexually transmitted diseases.
b. You are correct. Condoms don't always work, so your best protection is to limit your number of partners.
c. Condoms do not provide 100 protection, so you should always discuss with your sexual partners their HIV status or ask if they have any STD.
d. Condoms do not provide 100 protection, but when used with a spermicide you can be assured of complete protection against HIV and other STDs.
Question 7A 28-year-old married attorney with one child is in the first trimester of her second pregnancy. A colleague states that she is at no risk for HIV, so she would not need to be counseled about testing for HIV.
The nurse's most appropriate response would be a. She's a professional woman in a monogamous relationship. She obviously is not at risk.
b. Women are not at great risk. The greatest risk is with gay men.
c. The fastest-growing segment of the population with AIDS is women and children. We need to assess her risks.
d. We need to review her chart to determine if her first child was infected.
Question 8An older adult patient has been admitted to a medical unit, and the nurse is conducting a comprehensive assessment of the patient in order to plan care appropriately.
Which of the nurse's following assessments directly relate to the known risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Select all that apply.
A) Measuring the patient's random glucose level
B) Assessing the patient's oxygen saturation levels by pulse oximetry
C) Measuring the patient's blood pressure
D) Auscultating the patient's lungs
E) Measuring the patient's temperature orally
Question 9A patient is advised to be tested for HIV because of his multiple sexual partners and injectable drug use. The nurse should ensure that this patient understands the test by informing him that:
a. The blood is tested with the highly sensitive test called the Western blot.
b. The blood is tested with an ELISA; if positive, it is tested again with an ELISA, followed by a Western blot if the second ELISA is positive.
c. A series of HIV tests is performed to confirm if the patient has AIDS.
d. If the HIV tests are seronegative, John can be assured that he is not infected.
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