A computed tomography (CT) scan has detected a spot on a patient's liver, and a subsequent liver biopsy has revealed cancer and been submitted for staging and grading.
The patient has asked you about the purpose of staging, stating that her oncologist's explanation left her somewhat confused. How could you best respond to this patient's question?
A) Staging allows the care team to determine how large and extensive your tumor is.
B) The purpose of staging is to determine the site where your cancer most likely originated.
C) Staging is the process that helps your care team determine your prognosis for recovery.
D) Staging is the process of classifying a tumor according to the type of tissue it's made of.
Question 2Aldactone (spironolactone) is classified as a ______________-sparing diuretic.
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Question 3The diagnosis and treatment of cancer in older adults is accompanied by complexities that do not exist in younger populations.
Which of the following phenomena contribute to the additional complexity of cancer diagnosis and treatment among the elderly? (Select all that apply.) A) Detection often occurs at later stage in the course of the disease.
B) Older adults tend to have atypical presentations of many types of cancer.
C) The presence of other chronic health problems makes detection more difficult.
D) The potentially harmful effects of many treatment options make treatment more challenging.
E) Decreased survival rates in older adults mean that treatment is often not cost-effective.
Question 4You are a nurse who works in a public health setting. As such, you participate in many health promotion activities that are ultimately aimed at reducing the high incidence and prevalence of cancer in American society.
Which of the following activities is an example of secondary prevention?
A) Teaching older adults why and how to perform fecal occult blood tests
B) Educating middle school students about the health risks of smoking
C) Conducting a campaign aimed at encouraging parents to apply sunscreen to their young children
D) Teaching workers at a factor about possible carcinogens in their workplace
Question 5The nurse is identifying the different sleep patterns of assigned patients on a geriatric care unit. Which patient is demonstrating the typical sleep pattern of a patient who is older?
A) Age 82 patient sleeps a total of more than 12 hours out of 24
B) Age 90 patient describes the quality of sleep as better than it ever was
C) Age 80 patient falls asleep early in the evening but wakes up before dawn
D) Age 79 patient sleeps in until 9 o'clock each morning despite a lifetime of early rising
Question 6A nurse is conducting a workshop for a group at a senior center. Which member of the group has the highest statistical risk of developing cancer within the next year?
A) An obese 75-year-old woman
B) An 85-year-old Swedish woman
C) An 85-year-old Italian man
D) A 75-year-old man with a poor diet
Question 7Acute ______________ is commonly a result of a preexisting infection.
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Question 8Which of the following statements most accurately captures an aspect of the relationship between cancer and aging?
A) The incidence and prevalence of cancer in older adults is approximately equal to that of younger adults.
B) Cancer is the leading cause of death among persons age 65 and older.
C) Age is the most significant risk factor for cancer.
D) The prevalence of cancer in older adults is expected to decrease in coming decades.
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