Dr. Vannucci says, Some individuals have high social anxiety and interpret others' actions more negatively than other individuals; they overestimate the chances of unpleasant things happening generally. This is the background for developing a phobia.. Dr. Vannucci probably supports which perspective on phobias?
a. classical conditioning
b. cognitive-behavioral
c. operant conditioning
d. biological
Question 2Research indicates a genetic, psychological, social, and sociocultural components in the development of phobias. This statement suggests that ____.
a. the manifestations of phobias are complicated and thus poorly understood
b. there can be multiple pathways involved in the development of phobias
c. phobias develop from predispositions
d. defective genes are transmitted to offspring resulting in phobias
Question 3Dr. Baldwin is explaining a cognitive model for the development of panic disorder. She describes a connection between cognitions and somatic symptoms that begin with physical changes that create catastrophic thoughts, which result in fear and more physiological changes. She is describing the beginning steps of the ____.
a. classical conditioning loop
b. circular pattern of anxieties
c. feedback loop
d. observational learning
Question 4In a research study, cancer patients, prior to undergoing chemotherapy, are given a drink in a container with a bright orange lid. After pairing the drink with chemotherapy, the patients experiences distress and nausea when presented with the container. This study supports what theory of phobias?
a. observational learning
b. psychodynamic
c. classical conditioning
d. cognitive-behavioral
Question 5Tina is afraid of dogs. She has never had a bad experience with dogs, but her father was injured by a dog when he was a young boy. Tina's father goes to great lengths to avoid contact with dogs. What behavioral theory best explains Tina's fear of dogs?
a. classical conditioning
b. avoidance response
c. operant conditioning
d. observational learning
Question 6The case of Little Albert is used by behaviorists to explain ____.
a. phobias
b. obsessive-compulsive disorder
c. generalized anxiety disorder
d. posttraumatic stress disorder
Question 7Tamisha is so afraid of heights that she cannot enter buildings with more than two floors. Her cognitive-behavioral therapist would probably diagnose her with ____ and explain the problem in terms of ____.
a. generalized anxiety disorder; faulty reasoning
b. agoraphobia; genetic markers
c. social phobia; repression and denial
d. specific phobia; cognitive distortions
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