Identify and describe the various causes of anxiety disorders. What will be an ideal ...

Answer to #1

Student responses should include
- family and twin studies indicate a moderate genetic basis for many anxiety disorders
- several brain areas have been implicated in anxiety disorders, especially the amygdala
- neurotransmitters most implicated in anxiety disorders include serotonin, norepinephrine, and GABA
- anxiety may be influenced by evolutionary processes in that some avoidance behavior seems adaptive in certain contexts
- cognitive risk factors include distorted thinking about the dangerousness of various stimuli, assumptions that something bad will happen, assumptions of terrible consequences, or an assumption that others can easily notice one's anxiety

Answer to #2

c

Answer to #3

d

Answer to #4

Student responses should include
- anxiety disorders involve excessive worry, anxiety, or fear
- anxiety is composed of three parts: physical feelings, thoughts, and behaviors
- anxiety disorders are common to the general population and especially females
- many anxiety disorders develop at age 19 to 31 years
- anxiety disorders are often associated with other anxiety disorders, particularly depression and substance abuse

Answer to #5

b

Answer to #6

Student responses should include at least three of the following, noting their similarities and differences:
- anxiety disorders involve excessive worry, anxiety, or fear
- panic attacks involve intense physical feelings and thoughts that one will lose control
- panic disorder refers to regular unexpected panic attacks and worry about the consequences of these attacks
- social phobia refers to intense and ongoing fear of potentially embarrassing situations, often in the form of expected panic attacks
- specific phobias refer to excessive, unreasonable fear of an object or situation
- generalized anxiety disorder refers to extreme levels of persistence, uncontrollable worry
- obsessive-compulsive disorder refers to the presence of obsessions, troublesome and recurrent thoughts, and compulsions, or physical or mental acts performed in a response to the obsession to lessen distress
- posttraumatic stress disorder refers to constantly experiencing a traumatic event images, memories, nightmares, flashbacks, illusions, or other ways
- acute stress disorder refers to short-term anxiety and associated symptoms following trauma
- separation anxiety disorder refers to children with excessive worry about being away from home or from close family members

Answer to #7

b

Answer to #8

a

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