Casey and Josh have both been bitten by strange dogs. Casey has a dog of his own at home that he loves. Josh has little experience with dogs. Which is likely to develop a phobia?
a. Both boys are likely to develop a phobia because of the traumatic nature of the event.
b. Casey is more likely to develop a phobia because his schema of dogs has been violated.
c. Casey is less likely to develop a phobia because he has had lots of earlier positive experiences with dogs.
d. It will depend on which boy is more sensitive to pain.
Question 2Wendy went swimming in the ocean last week and became mildly fearful when she swallowed a lot of water and felt as though she would drown. Just yesterday someone told her that a shark was seen in the water at the same time she was swimming.
Now she is petrified of going into the ocean. This best illustrates
a. the observational learning explanation for phobias.
b. the inability of the phobic person to direct his or her attention away from a feared object.
c. the inflation effect.
d. classically conditioned generalization based on direct experience.
Question 3The outdated term shell shock is renamed __________ today.
Fill in the blanks with correct word
Question 4It is fairly easy to condition monkeys and humans to fear snakes but almost impossible to condition either to fear a flower. This supports the ________ theory of phobias.
a. classical conditioning
b. vicarious conditioning
c. preparedness
d. psychoanalytic
Question 5From an evolutionary perspective, what concept explains the easy acquisition of a fear of spiders or snakes?
a. vicarious conditioning
b. defense mechanisms
c. prepared learning
d. behavioral inhibition
Question 6Virtual reality environments
a. permit the use of a combination of exposure therapy, participant modeling, and stress inoculation.
b. have been shown to be effective in treating agoraphobia.
c. appear to be more effective in treating phobias than live exposure to the feared stimulus.
d. allow exposure therapy to be conducted in a simulated setting.
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