If theories have equal explanatory power, the principle of parsimony favors.
a. A simple theory over a complex one
b. An inclusive theory
c. A theory that explains relationships that cannot be observed
Ques. 2Darwin combined ____to develop his theory of evolution.
a. faith and authority c. inductive and deductive reasoning
b. authority and deduction
Ques. 3Educational practices whose effectiveness has been determined through rigorous scientific investigations include:
a. reduced class sizes in grades K to 3.
b. one-on-one tutoring for at-risk readers in grades 1 to 3
c. instruction in phonics for early readers
d. All of these are true.
Ques. 4The No Child Left Behind Act (2001) called for
a. annual testing of children in grades 3 to 8.
b. standards-based school reforms.
c. instructional methods whose effectiveness is based on scientific evidence
d. a and c
e. a, b, and c.
Ques. 5For many years, students were advised to stick to their original answers on a multiple-choice test. Recent meta-analysis now shows that a majority of changes on multiple-choice tests were from wrong to right. We now advise students to change an answer if, after rethinking, they find an answer preferable to their original one. This example illustrates which characteristic of the scientific method.
a. control of variables. c. objectivity.
b. replication and verification of findings. d. interaction.
Ques. 6In his research, Darwin was the first to use
a. induction. c. both induction and deduction.
b. deduction.
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