When developing a ____ computer system, the goal is to have a system that demonstrates intelligent processing of information.
a. artificial intelligence (AI)
b. engineered intelligence (EI)
c. technologically engineered intelligence (TEI)
d. information processing approach
Ques. 2Karl Lashley's work in biological psychology led him to work with which key issue that deals with the location of individual cognitive processes in the brain?
a. Monistic localization in brain function
b. Prosopagnosia
c. The brain as an organizer of behavior
d. Hysteresis
Ques. 3Which behaviorist was willing to look inside the black box?
a. Tolman for his work with mazes
b. Pavlov for his work with dogs.
c. Skinner for his work with rats.
d. Watson for his work with Little Albert.
Ques. 4Gestalt psychology has most greatly influenced, specifically, the study of ____.
a. emotion
b. insight
c. behavior
d. linguistics
Ques. 5Which of the following is a legitimate criticism of behaviorism?
a. The behavioristic principles did not explain language learning well.
b. The law of effect did not generalize to humans.
c. Classical conditioning only works on animals.
d. All of the above are legitimate criticisms.
Ques. 6John Watson, the founder of radical behaviorism, was an American psychologist who ____.
a. rejected all aspects of functionalism
b. supported the functionalist movement and was one of its most ardent supporters
c. rejected some aspects of functionalism, but at the same time drew heavily from the functionalists
d. altered the course of functionalism and later renamed the movement behaviorism
Ques. 7Skinner's argument included the idea of operant conditioning, which refers to his belief that ____.
a. the strengthening or weakening of behavior, depending upon the presence or absence of reinforcement or punishment, explains all human behavior
b. all human behavior can be explained by operant conditioning, involving the strengthening or weakening of behavior, depending only on the presence of punishment
c. human behavior is highly unpredictable and, as a result, only some human behavior can be explained in terms of reinforcement-punishment relationships
d. human behavior cannot be understood without taking into account the purpose of the behavior
Ques. 8The landmark experiment in which dogs salivate at the sight of the person who feeds them provides an example of ____.
a. classically conditioned learning
b. instrumental learning
c. social learning
d. physiological psychology
Ques. 9The law of effect states that a stimulus will tend to produce a certain response over time if the ____.
a. stimulus is conditioned
b. organism is repeatedly rewarded for that response
c. organism is repeatedly punished for that response
d. stimulus and the response are both unconditioned
Ques. 10Which researcher examined the impact of rehearsal on memory using himself as a subject?
a. Tolman
b. Dewey
c. Kant
d. Ebbinghaus