David is addicted to a drug that increases his blood sugar level, temporarily giving him more ...

David is addicted to a drug that increases his blood sugar level, temporarily giving him more energy. David always takes this drug in the bathroom. He finds that he becomes tired when he enters the bathroom and also that he needs more and more of the drug to maintain the same high energy level. From the perspective of classical conditioning, which one of the following is the most likely explanation of David's increasing addiction to the drug?
 
  a. Lowering blood sugar level to counteract the effect of the drug has become a conditioned response to the bathroom stimulus.
  b. David has learned to respond to some drugs but not to others through the combined processes of stimulus discrimination and higher-order conditioning.
  c. Taking the drugs provides negative reinforcement, in that David no longer feels tired.
  d. Associative bias has predisposed David to associate the bathroom with fatigue.

Ques. 2

Feedback about one's performance is most likely to be effective when it:
 
  a. Is given after a short delay (perhaps 30 minutes after the performance)
  b. Describes only the things that the person has done correctly
  c. Comes from a peer rather than from an authority figure
  d. Provides information about how to improve

Ques. 3

A child who was once spanked for running into a busy street no longer runs into the street. This can best be explained by which one of the following?
 
  a. Pavlov's concept of extinction
  b. Thorndike's original law of effect
  c. Thorndike's revised law of effect
  d. Skinner's basic principle of operant conditioning

Ques. 4

In the basement of Marcy's college dormitory is a Coke machine that dispenses a can of Coke whenever someone firmly pounds the side of the machine. Marcy is delighted when she discovers this fact, because she can now get Cokes from the machine without having to pay for them. One morning a repairman fixes the machine. The next time Marcy goes to get a soft drink from the machine, she finds that her usual pounding strategy doesn't yield her the Coke she wants. But rather than insert the required coins to purchase a drink, Marcy begins pounding the side of the machine vigorously for several minutes. In behaviorist terminology, Marcy's behavior at this point can best be described as:
 
  a. an extinction burst
  b. discrimination
  c. shaping
  d. a response reinforced by an activity reinforcer

Ques. 5

Ms. Washington tries to ignore Warren when he tells jokes in class. But sometimes Warren tells a joke so funny that Ms. Washington laughs in spite of herself. Rather than decreasing his joke-telling, Warren begins telling even more outrageous jokes. Inadvertently, Ms. Washington is modifying Warren's joke-telling behavior through:
 
  a. stimulus discrimination
  b. extinction
  c. shaping
  d. negative reinforcement

Ques. 6

Warren has earned himself a reputation for being the class clown. His teacher, Ms. Washington, used to laugh at Warren's funny remarks, but is now trying to discourage Warren's disruptive behavior by ignoring his jokes. In behaviorist terminology, Ms. Washington is now trying to modify Warren's joke-telling behavior through:
 
  a. stimulus discrimination
  b. extinction
  c. shaping
  d. negative reinforcement