Eight-year-old Elizabeth has unusual facial features and has exceptional difficulty learning and remembering the basics of reading, writing, and math. Without knowing anything else about Elizabeth, you might wonder if she has:
a. Thalassemia
b. Huntington disease
c. Fetal alcohol syndrome
d. Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Ques. 2A pregnant woman has an ultrasound to assess the progress of the twins she is expecting. Her doctor says, From what I can see on the screen, Ms. Black, it looks as if you will have a boy and a girl. In what stage of development must the twins be?
a. gamete
b. zygote
c. embryo
d. fetus
Ques. 3A pregnant woman regularly uses cocaine and heroin throughout her pregnancy. Chances are that her baby will:
a. Have Down syndrome
b. Have Tay-Sachs disease
c. Be born late and have an exceptionally large head
d. Be born prematurely and show unusual irritability
Ques. 4Three of the following are examples of teratogens. Which one is not a teratogen?
a. toxoplasmosis
b. whiskey
c. HIV infection
d. malnutrition
Ques. 5A small mass has been in a mother's placenta for several weeks. A small head is distinguishable from the body, and tiny buds that will become arms and legs are just beginning to sprout fingers and toes. What word is typically used for a baby-to-be at this stage of development?
a. gamete
b. zygote
c. embryo
d. fetus
Ques. 6A tiny cluster of cells has just traveled down one of its mother's fallopian tubes and implanted itself in the mother's uterus. What word is typically used for a baby-to-be at this stage of development?
a. gamete
b. zygote
c. embryo
d. fetus
Ques. 7Ruth has always been a rambunctious, outspoken child. She has excessively high energy levels and tendency to blurt out what she is thinking and interrupting others. What is something that is not recommended to encourage her to do?
a. Join a drama club
b. Raise her hand before speaking
c. Join a debate club
d. Follow her natural tendencies
Ques. 8A pre-school teacher who works with infants and toddlers makes sure to talk with her young students frequently. She sings nursery rhymes with them. She is taking advantage of which of the following with them?
a. canalization
b. inclusion
c. sensitive period
d. maturation
Ques. 9Imagine that you are a preschool teacher and want to foster your students' development in a variety of domains. In which of the following areas is canalization most likely to be a significant factor in their development?
a. motor skills
b. social skills
c. counting skills
d. pre-reading skills
Ques. 10Huntington disease and cystic fibrosis are examples of single-gene defects. Individuals who have disorders due to single-gene defects:
a. have one or more complete chromosomes with irregular structures.
b. usually have an error in both genes in the allele pair.
c. usually have an error in one of their dominant genes.
d. have two recessive genes and no dominant gene.
Ques. 11Some physical disabilities are the result of genetic abnormalities. An example is Down syndrome, in which:
a. Children have a defective dominant gene
b. Children have a defective recessive gene
c. Children have an extra chromosome
d. Children are missing a chromosome
Ques. 12Most complex psychological traits in human beings are probably shaped by:
a. Multifactorial trait and environmental experiences
b. Monogenetic inheritance marked by a low degree of canalization
c. Polygenetic inheritance marked by a high degree of canalization
d. Environmental experiences, with only minor constraints due to genetic inheritance
Ques. 13Multifactorial trait refers to a situation in which a trait is influenced by:
a. A gene on the X chromosome
b. A gene on the Y chromosome
c. A single gene from each child's parents
d. Several (or perhaps) many genes
Ques. 14Which one of the following best describes codominance in genes' effects on children's growth and development?
a. One of the alleles associated with a particular physical characteristic is more influential in females; the other is more influential in males.
b. The two alleles associated with a particular physical characteristic both have some influence.
c. A dominant gene temporarily succumbs to a recessive gene's influence, typically as a result of poor nutrition.
d. Two or more recessive genes essentially overpower a dominant genesomething that happens only in males.
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