High-tax capacity is associated with
a. the degree of centralization or decentralization of state activities.
b. the tax-collecting vigor of the state.
c. high levels of urbanization, per capita income, economic development, and natural resources.
d. the political culture, historic factors, and other state-specific variables.
Q. 2The case of the Tamil Tigers demonstrates the principle that time is on the side of the insurgents, and that they will win a prolonged conflict.
a. True
b. False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Q. 3Even with democratization, the role of the military retains a role in Brazilian politics. This is indicated by all of the following EXCEPT
a. the fact that during the Sarney administration, military officers retained cabinet-level rank in areas of importance to the military.
b. laws that grant the military broad powers to guarantee internal order and play a tutelary role in civilian government.
c. Brazilian officers lobbying on behalf of policies that they favor.
d. the fact that the military was successful in obtaining amnesty for human rights abuses during the previous authoritarian era.
e. the use of the military to pacify areas experiencing rising urban crime rates.
Q. 4Poor states, with low tax capacity, are forced to
a. tax at a lower rate than wealthy states because there is less demand for basic services.
b. tax at the same rate as wealthy states because tax capacity is not related to tax effort.
c. exert less tax effort than wealthy states.
d. tax at high rates just to pull in enough money to pay for basic governmental functions.
Q. 5The Italian handling of the Red Brigade is considered a successful counterterrorism story because the group was neutralized before they could cause any damage or casualties.
a. True
b. False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Q. 6Which of the following is NOT true about Brazil's subnational governments?
a. Although subnational governments were initially successful in deflecting additional spending responsibilities for health, education, and infrastructure programs, recent reforms have forced them to adopt a greater share of the financial burden in such areas.
b. An indication of the power of state governments in the Brazilian system can be seen in the fact that many key pieces of reform legislation have been watered down.
c. The bicameral legislatures of states are often dominated by the supporters of the governor.
d. Political decentralization allowed some subnational governments to create innovative policies.
e. Even the most underdeveloped subnational governments in Brazil can promote industrial investment, employment, and social services.
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