What is a common criticism of learning approaches to human development?

What is a common criticism of learning approaches to human development?
 
  a. Placing too little emphasis on genetic factors
  b. Failing to account for the fact that experiences appear to affect behavior
  c. Placing too much emphasis on unconscious factors
  d. Failing to describe any types of consequences that influence development

Question 2

Learning theory explanations for school refusal include all of the following EXCEPT
 
  a. the influence of unconscious desires of the id.
  b. consequences of staying at home versus going to school.
  c. the positive reinforcement for staying at home provided by a mother.
  d. a child seeing another child who became very anxious at school.

Question 3

Reciprocal determinism refers to a continuous back and forth interaction between
 
  a. a want and a desire.
  b. genes and environmental experience.
  c. a person, his or her behavior, and the environment.
  d. a reinforcement and a consequence.

Question 4

Self-efficacy is best defined as
 
  a. feeling great about who you are.
  b. the belief that you can effectively accomplish a specific outcome.
  c. the ability to make fun of one's self.
  d. your self-concept concerning gender, intellect, and sexual orientation.

Question 5

Which is the best example of Oscar's human agency?
 
  a. The fact that he learned to act by watching others act
  b. The fact that his ability to be selected to act in movies is heavily influenced by genetic factors like his good looks
  c. The fact that his acting is highly influenced by some unresolved and unconscious sexual desire
  d. The fact that his high sense of self-efficacy concerning acting allows him to believe that he is a good actor

Question 6

The key cognitive aspect of social cognitive theory involving deliberate exercise of control over both one's environment and one's life is called
 
  a. human agency.
  b. instrumental conditioning.
  c. concrete operations.
  d. extinction.