According to the research about the writing process,
a. writing is produced by directly accessing semantic memory.
b. the components of working memory are all active during writing.
c. writing requires the extensive use of default assumptions and graceful degradation during parallel distributed processing.
d. writing is essentially the same as speaking, except for the motor movements required to produce language.
Question 2A third-grader calls out an answer in class, without raising his hand. The teacher says, Is your arm broken, Johnny? The teacher's remark can be called a(n)
a. direct request.
b. indirect request.
c. failure to establish common ground.
d. pragmatic violation.
Question 3A sentence that asks someone to do something is called a
a. directive.
b. heuristic.
c. structural ambiguity.
d. pragmatic.
Question 4Chapter 10 discussed a study by Clark and Wilkes-Gibbs in which two people try to communicate about the order in which various geometric figures are to be arranged. The research showed that
a. people could not accomplish this task unless they were close friends.
b. people soon developed a shorthand communication system.
c. people typically increased their hand gestures at the same time that they decreased their verbal output.
d. people seem to remain fairly stable across trials in terms of the number of turns required to agree upon a figure.
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