On a whim, three-year-old Bobby flicks a spoonful of mashed potatoes at his father. Bobby's father puts him in the time-out chair and tells him he is a bad boy. Bobby's behavior is an example of:
a. primary deviance.
b. secondary deviance.
c. non-conformity.
d. bad manners.
Question 2Labeling theory incorporates elements of which two theories?
a. symbolic interactionism and conflict theory
b. structural-functionalism and symbolic interactionism
c. deterrence and strain theories
d. developmental and conflict theory
Question 3Labeling theory is concerned with the process by which:
a. a person who associates with deviants learns to be deviant.
b. the label of deviant comes to be attached to specific people and specific behavior.
c. deviant labels are used to stigmatize criminal behavior.
d. public labeling of criminals is used to deter crime.
Question 4Empirical studies show that three kinds of rewards are especially important in deterring deviance. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
a. family ties
b. large friendship networks
c. doing well in school
d. having a good job
Question 5In deterrence theory, conventional social rewards are important because they:
a. make crime a rational choice.
b. allow people to rationally decide that crime doesn't pay..
c. encourage individuals to turn in deviants.
d. eliminate criminal behaviors.
Question 6When social structures do not provide adequate rewards for conformity, more people will choose deviance. This is part of which theory?
a. reward theory
b. differential association theory
c. labeling theory
d. deterrence theory
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