_____ theory divides the labor market into two separate segments. The primary segment is ...

_____ theory divides the labor market into two separate segments. The primary segment is characterized by stability, high wages, promotion ladders, opportunities for advancement, good working conditions, and provisions for job security.
 
  The secondary segment is characterized by low wages, fewer or no promotion ladders, poor working conditions, and little provision for job security.
   a. Human capital Many of them live in rural areas that have prospered less than other regions.
  b. Dual labor market A decline in marriage and a rise in divorce resulted in a substantial increase in single mothers and unattached men.
  c. Market division Public assistance benefits have steadily declined since 1980.
  d. Interactional All of the above

Question 2

_____ theory is based on the idea that the major factor in the different work experiences of men and women is the individual characteristics they bring to their jobs.
 
  a. Human capital
  b. Dual labor market
  c. Order
  d. Conflict

Question 3

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, which group is concentrated in the lowest status jobs in the United States?
 
  a. White men
  b. Men of color
  c. White women
  d. Women of color

Question 4

In a 2007 survey, which kind of people were found to be perceived as less competent and recommended for lower starting salaries than others with the same experience and qualifications?
 
  a. Men who were fathers
  b. Men with no children
  c. Women who were mothers
  d. Women with no children

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT identified in the chapter as a reason the earnings gap between men and women continues to persist.
 
  a. Women are concentrated in lower-paying occupations.
  b. Women as a group are less intelligent and capable than men; therefore, they are paid less than men.
  c. Women tend to take more time off than men due to caregiving obligations.
  d. Women enter the labor force at different and lower-paying levels than do men.

Question 6

The most common job for women today, as well as 60 years ago, is
 
  a. secretary/administrative assistant.
  b. primary school teacher.
  c. nurse.
  d. factory worker.

Question 7

_____ refers to the pattern whereby women and men are situated in different jobs throughout the labor force.
 
  a. Sexual harassment policy
  b. Title IX
  c. The glass ceiling
  d. Occupational sex segregation

Question 8

Which ethnic group has the highest rate of female participation in the U.S. workplace?
 
  a. Hispanic
  b. White
  c. African American
  d. Native American