From a sociological perspective of marriage and divorce, to what does the term continuities refer? ...

Answer to q. 1

A

Answer to q. 2

b

Answer to q. 3

In the 1700s, medicine had no standards as a practice. It required no formal education or certification. Anyone could be a physician through self proclamation. The closest thing to training in the profession was apprenticeship with an established physician. The effectiveness of the apprenticeship would be contingent on the ability of the physician serving as the teacher. In the 1800s, medical schools began to develop, some of which provided licensure. But these schools were often poorly staffed, and training was inconsistent. Even prestigious schools, such as Harvard, only provided an eight month course to become a physician. When the Carnegie Foundation contracted Abraham Flexner to evaluate medical schools, it resulted in a criticism of the poorly operated schools and an upgrading of standards for schools that wished to continue offering medicine as a course of study. The result was fewer medical schools operating in the U.S. and fewer doctors, but a higher quality of service and the professionalization of the discipline.

Answer to q. 4

b

Answer to q. 5

a

Answer to q. 6

Mass hysteria is an imagined threat that causes physical symptoms among a large group of people.

Answer to q. 7

D

Answer to q. 8

Nations in the world are stratified according to the amount of scarce resources that they control. Medical care is one of the scarce resources in the world that nations compete to obtain. The result is that the Least Industrialized Nations are unable to afford the technology needed to save people's lives. People in the Least Industrialized Nations have a lower life expectancy and higher rates of infant mortality. Global stratification also affects the types of illnesses people are likely to contract and/or die from. People in industrialized nations experience heart disease and cancer, those in the Least Industrialized Nations experience illnesses and death from malaria, internal parasites, diarrhea, and malnutrition. These diseases could be brought under control if the poorer countries were able to spend more of their meager funds on public health.