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Chemical Bonding animation activity

Uploaded: 2 years ago
Contributor: barter
Category: Biology
Type: Solutions
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Filename:   anim_chemical_bonding_answer_key.doc (74 kB)
Page Count: 1
Credit Cost: 1
Views: 49
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Description
Tortora, Derrickson: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, 14th Edition
Transcript
Chemical Bonding To complete this worksheet, select: Module: Foundations Activity: Animations Title: Chemical Bonding Introduction 1. Why are chemical bonds important? Because they are fundamental to the structure and function of many types of molecules. 2. a. Describe atomic structure. The arrangement of electrons around the atomic nucleus and the presences of neutron and protons within the atomic nucleus. b. Explain the importance of the outer (valence) electrons relative to bonding. Atoms strive for stability by completing their outmost electron shells. Those that are not complete are deemed to be reactive. It is the number of electrons in the outer or valence shell that determines how reactive an atom will be. Covalent Bonds 3. First, explore covalent bonds. a. Describe the electron activity. The interaction of the outermost orbital electrons form the basis for bonds here electrons are shared in the outermost orbital as with oxygen. b. Describe an oxygen molecule as an example. Oxygen is a diatomic molecule where the outer two electrons in each oxygen are shared with one another. c. How is covalent bonding critical to human anatomy and physiology? Strong bond- almost all of the compounds present in the cell are held together by covalent bonds. 4. Next, explore ionic bonds. a. Describe the electron activity. These are formed when an electron is transferred from one atom to another. Atoms will then bear a charge and are called ions. b. Why do chlorine and sodium have charges after electron transfer? Sodium has a +1 charge because it has lost 1 electron; chloride has a -1 charge because it has gained one electron. c. What causes the attraction between ions forming an ionic bond? The presence of an opposite charge causes the attraction. d. Describe the "strength" of ionic bonds. Use salt as your example. Ionic bonds are weak because the attraction is weak and the end result is that they can break apart easily- as salt in water. e. How common is ionic bonding in the body? They are uncommon since they are weak, especially in the watery solutions of the body. f. How are ions important to the body? Examine each of the following in your research. Nerve impulses – movement of Na+ can cause impulses to be generated. pH regulation – acidity is regulated by the binding of hydrogen with other ions. Bone formation – Calcium plays am important role in bone as it combines with phosphate and magnesium. Hydrogen Bonds 1. Explain why water molecules have positive and negative "poles." The polarity of water is caused by the unequal distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms.. In the water molecule, shared electrons are more strongly attracted to the oxygen end and creates a partial negative charge of the oxygen end. Since electrons were lost from the hydrogen end there results a partial positive charge. Most of the electrons will orbit around the oxygen molecule giving it a negative polarity. 2. Explain the relationship between polar molecules, like water, and formation of hydrogen bonds. The charges at the poles of the water molecule result in attractions between water molecules. The negative oxygen end of one water molecule attracts the positive hydrogen end of another water molecule. This attraction results in the formation of a hydrogen bond. 3. What is the importance of hydrogen bonding for human anatomy and physiology? Specify within the following structures. protein structure - Part of the structure in a protein is maintained by hydrogen bonds between adjacent section of the protein molecule. DNA structure - also stabilized by hydrogen bonds.

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