Analogous structures are less useful in determining evolutionary patterns among organisms than homologous structures for which of the following reasons?
(A) Analogous structures are more complex than homologous structures.
(B) Analogous structures form vestigial structures, and homologous structures do not.
(C) Analogous structures are subject to mutation, unlike homologous structures.
(D) Analogous structures are derived from the same embryological tissues, so they provide little information.
(E) Analogous structures reflect adaptation to the environment, and homologous structures reflect evolutionary ancestry.
If the frequency of PTC tasters in a population is 91%, what is the frequency of the allele for non-tasting PTC?
(A) 9%
(B) 30%
(C) 90%
(D) 70%
(E) none of the above
Two geographically isolated populations of foxes experience genetic drift and mutations over time, and eventually they can no longer interbreed successfully. This is an example of which type of speciation:
(A) allopatric
(B) sympatric
(C) adaptive
(D) punctuated
(E) none of the above
Which of the following is a type of transport across cell membranes that goes against a concentration gradient and requires an input of energy?
(A) passive diffusion
(B) facilitated diffusion
(C) active transport
(D) osmosis
(E) all of the above
What role does the enzyme DNA helicase play in DNA replication?
(A) builds new DNA strands
(B) stabilizes template strand
(C) creates a RNA copy of DNA
(D) unwinds DNA double helix
(E) creates protein coded from RNA
What is the correct order of the “central dogma” of biochemistry?
(A) transcription, translation, replication
(B) replication, transcription, translation
(C) translation, transcription, replication
(D) replication, translation, transcription
(E) none of the above
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