In order to develop literacy in English, students who are literate in their primary language
a. do not need instruction in English reading
b. transfer many L1 reading skills to English reading
c. must start from scratch to learn to read in English
d. need a semester of phonemic awareness in English
Question 2...Research on early literacy development of young English learners indicates that students
a. need to reach a threshold of oral English prior to literacy instruction
b. benefit from instruction in oral and written English simultaneously
c. should learn to read in English prior to primary language instruction
d. benefit from reading instruction carried out in homogeneous groups
Question 3...Both short-term and long-term goals for child guidance are important for early childhood educators.
a. True
b. False
Question 4...An onset is defined as
a. any word that rhymes with at least three other words
b. a consonant or consonant cluster that precedes a rime
c. another word for consonants and consonant clusters
d. any consonant or consonant cluster at the end of a word
Question 5...Cultural differences influence how to
a. Organize activities
b. Set limits
c. Communicate expectations
d. All of the above
Question 6...Spelling the word 'tough' as 'tuf' indicates spelling development at which level?
a. pre-phonetic
b. phonetic
c. transitional
d. random
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