What is the difference between hands-off doctrine, hands-on doctrine and the deference doctrine?

Each describes an approach the courts might take when dealing with complaints by inmates against prison officials. The hands-off doctrine is the view that the courts should not interfere with prison officials, meaning that prison administrators govern without any outside interference. The hands-on doctrine is the view that the courts should be involved in the running of prisons in order to assure prison officials are giving due diligence to legitimate prisoner claims. Finally, the deference doctrine—which best defines the current court philosophy—is the view that court involvement in prison management should be limited to whether a particular prison requirement violates the Constitution. The court should defer to prison administrators as long as they can show that the requirement is reasonably related to a legitimate penological interest.

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