What is meant by “redundancy” in gene expression?
(A) all tRNA molecules can carry more than one amino acid
(B) each amino acid can have more than one codon
(C) one codon can code for more than one amino acid
(D) mRNA is copied twice in the nucleus
(E) none of these are true
A virus can transfer genes from one bacterial cell to another through which process?
(A) transference
(B) translation
(C) transformation
(D) transduction
(E) transcription
The codon for a particular amino acid is 5'CAU3'. The DNA sequence that complements this codon is
(A) 3'CAU5'
(B) 3'GTA5'
(C) 3'GTT5'
(D) 3'GUA5'
(E) 3'GUT5'
Viral DNA would be most likely to contain genes that code for
(A) Regulatory hormones
(B) viral-coat protein
(C) viral-ribosome proteins
(D) glycolytic enzymes
(E) restriction enzymes
Which of the following is generally true about bacterial viruses?
(A) They infect animal cells only.
(B) They have a protective capsid made of chitin.
(C) They inject their nucleic acids into the cells that they infect.
(D) They produce haploid gametes in meiosis.
(E) They carry out glycolysis but not the Krebs (citric acid) cycle.
The terms “EcoRI,” “HaeIII,” and “HindIII” refer to which of the following? (picture11)
(A) The voltage intensity used to prepare the electrophoresis medium
(B) The restriction enzymes used
(C) The organisms from which the original DNA sample was obtained
(D) The types of buffers used to maintain a constant pH in the preparation as the sample was processed
(E) The types of proteins encoded by each fragment
The patterns of bands in the different lanes result from which of the following? (pic12)
(A) Different voltages applied to different lanes
(B) Different buffers applied to different lanes
(C) Different sizes of fragments in the samples in different lanes
(D) Different terminal configurations of the fragments, with some having blunt ends while others have sticky ends
(E) Mutations produced by the electrophoresis
In this gel, the smallest fragments are (pic13)
(A) at the top of the gel, near the wells
(B) at the bottom of the gel, furthest from the wells
(C) at the left side of the gel
(D) at the right side of the gel
(E) randomly scattered from top to bottom in each lane
Restriction enzymes cut samples of DNA into fragments by first (pic14)
(A) binding to specific sequences of nucleotides
(B) oxidizing the DNA
(C) heating the DNA to its denaturation point
(D) breaking peptide bonds
(E) unwinding the DNA
Which of the following is the most probable explanation for the different numbers of fragments in the different lanes? (pic15)
(A) There were more EcoRI cut sites than HaeIII or HindIII cut sites.
(B) There were more HaeIII cut sites than EcoRI or HindIII cut sites.
(C) There were more HindIII cut sites than HaeIII or EcoRI cut sites.
(D) A stronger voltage was applied to the first lane.
(E) Different buffers were used in the different lanes.
Based on the information in the table, which of the following substitutions is synonymous? (pic16)
(A) AGU to AGA
(B) GUU to GCU
(C) UUG to CUG
(D) UGA to GGA
(E) CAA to CCA
Which of the following gives the correct sequence of events in the synthesis of a protein molecule?
(A) DNA, tRNA, formation of polypeptide, mRNA
(B) Formation of polypeptide, tRNA, mRNA, DNA
(C) tRNA, mRNA, DNA, formation of polypeptide
(D) DNA, mRNA, tRNA, formation of polypeptide
(E) mRNA, formation of polypeptide, DNA, tRNA
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