The forelimbs of horses and frogs are considered to be homologous structures. The best evidence for this homology is that the forelimbs have
(A) a similar appearance in both species
(B) a similar function in both species
(C) a common embryological origin
(D) the same chemical composition
(E) the same number of bones
The greatest diversity of structure and of methods of locomotion is exhibited in the individuals of
(A) a class
(B) a family
(C) an order
(D) a species
(E) a phylum
Evidence that multicellular green plants may have evolved from green algae is best supported by the fact that in both
(A) the gametophyte generation is dominant
(B) the sporophyte generation is dominant
(C) chlorophylls a and b are photosynthetic pigments
(D) xylem vessels are pitted and spiraled
(E) male gametes are nonflagellated
Which of the following statements best explains the hypothesis that the development of sexual reproduction has resulted in acceleration of the rate of evolution?
(A) Mutations are more likely to occur in spermatogenesis and oogenesis than in mitotically dividing cells.
(B) Sexual reproduction results in more offspring than does asexual reproduction.
(C) Those members of a species that are best adapted to their environment are most likely to be successful in sexual reproduction.
(D) Mutations usually do not occur in the production of spores or in cells dividing by fission.
(E) Sexual reproduction is more likely to result in genetic recombination than is asexual reproduction.
Which of the following pairs of organisms are most closely related?
(A) Mus bufo and Bufo americanus
(B) Lynx lynx and Alces alces
(C) Panthera leo and Felis concolor
(D) Odocoileus virginianus and Colinus virginianus
(E) Canis latrans and Canis lupus
Birds are most closely related to which class?
(A) Amphibians
(B) Bony fish
(C) Cartilaginous fish
(D) Mammals
(E) Reptiles
Which class includes animals that have a moist skin as the primary organ for gas exchange in the adults?
(A) Amphibians
(B) Bony fish
(C) Cartilaginous fish
(D) Mammals
(E) Reptiles
Which class includes whales?
(A) Amphibians
(B) Bony fish
(C) Cartilaginous fish
(D) Mammals
(E) Reptiles
Members of which class produce milk for their young in specialized skin glands?
(A) Amphibians
(B) Bony fish
(C) Cartilaginous fish
(D) Mammals
(E) Reptiles
Which class includes snakes?
(A) Amphibians
(B) Bony fish
(C) Cartilaginous fish
(D) Mammals
(E) Reptiles
A given trait occurs in two alternative types, M and m, in a population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. If 49 percent of the population has only type M alleles, what percentage of the population is expected to be heterozygous for the trait?
(A) 9%
(B) 14%
(C) 21%
(D) 42%
(E) 51%
The forelimbs of horses and frogs are considered to be homologous structures. The best evidence for this homology is that the forelimbs have
(A) a similar appearance in both species
(B) a similar function in both species
(C) a common embryological origin
(D) the same chemical composition
(E) the same number of bones
A population of mice in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium will exhibit which of the following conditions?
(A) Random mating
(B) Small population size
(C) High mutation rate
(D) Immigration
(E) Sexual selection
A new organism is found with the following characteristics:
• A terrestrial lifestyle
• A segmented exoskeleton
• Wings
The new organism is most likely a member of which of the following phyla?
(A) Cnidaria
(B) Porifera
(C) Chordata
(D) Arthropoda
(E) Echinodermata
Evolution in action is seen in the case of the English peppered moth (Biston betularia). The proportion of melanic forms in the population, once increasing in areas of heavy soot pollution, is now decreasing. The most probable explanation of this is which of the following?
(A) Differential predation fluctuates randomly.
(B) The birds that ate the dark forms have been killed off by the pollution.
(C) Mutation and back mutation rates have changed.
(D) Selection pressure has been reversed because of environmental quality control.
(E) Lepidopterists have collected a disproportionate number of melanic forms.
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