16. According to Bohmer and Edmonson’s Mental Models of Learning, all of the following ...

Teams that are aligned in personal visions may rise to new levels of
performance (Senge, 1990, p. 234). Bohmer and Edmonson (2001, p. 34) point out
that healthcare is typically provided by more than one individual and rests on a
knowledge base that is larger than what any single individual can tap. Noting that
"Individuals learn naturally, but teams and organizations do not," the authors
describe common mental models of learning in healthcare as linear, individual, and
monotypic. They illustrate each of these points through traditional processes such
as continuing medical education, which focuses on one-way (linear) transfer of
information that is commonly related to best practice and guidelines. In this
example, learning is focused on the individual and can be characterized as singleloop
learning or "monotypic." The authors advocate an alternative model where
learning is cyclical by being subjected to reinterpretation. They note that
knowledge is gained through dynamic processes such as reflection of observed
outcomes, which leads to reinterpretation and refinement of the knowledge base.